Biology

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Across
  1. 2. Blood vessels with thin walls. Receive blood from tissues, are under low pressure.
  2. 4. Blood vessels with thick walls and are flexible. Receive blood from heart, are under high pressure.
  3. 6. Hair like projections on some cells that move back and forth and move mucus, and anything trapped in it
  4. 8. Gives cell support, only found in plant cells
  5. 9. The site of photosynthesis, gives the cell it's characteristic green colour
  6. 10. An airtight space surrounded by the ribcage
  7. 15. Are infectious organisms or agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
  8. 16. The voice box containing the vocal cords.
  9. 17. The most common type of white blood cell. Responsible for fighting bacterial and fungal infections. Produced in the bone marrow.
  10. 18. A strong muscular sheet separating the chest cavity from the stomach cavity. Contracts to cause inspiration and relaxes to cause expiration.
  11. 20. The throat, splits into the esophagus and larynx
  12. 22. Flap above larynx, closes during eating and opening when breathing
  13. 25. Bronchi divide into finer tubes called....
  14. 26. How neutrophils and macrophages engulf pathogens and destroy them
  15. 27. Assists with storage and structure
  16. 29. Surrounds cell and controls what enters and exits the cell
  17. 30. At the end of the bronchi are microscopic sacs covered in capillaries called....
  18. 32. Restrict the flow of blood to the tissues when blood is needed elsewhere
  19. 33. They divide rapidly when activated, some become plasma cells, the others become memory cells. Also activated by the helper T cells.
  20. 35. Contain haemoglobin. Carried oxygen around the body.
  21. 36. Fight infection and disease
  22. 37. Responsible for blood clotting
Down
  1. 1. They activate B cells and increase the effectiveness of cytotoxic T cells. Have structures on their outsides that match antigens. They will only activate if there is a match.
  2. 3. White blood cells that destroy other foreign materials and cancer cells. Their other job is to take parts of dead pathogens and display them on their surfaces.
  3. 5. Has specific binding sites that fit the shape of the antigens on the pathogen.
  4. 7. Site of cellular respiration. Produces ATP (energy the cell can use)
  5. 11. The thinnest blood vessel. The tiny portions that exchange gases with the tissues.
  6. 12. Spun at very high speeds to separate substances.
  7. 13. The immune system that gives long term immunity to a particular pathogen.
  8. 14. The windpipe, passes from the larynx to the lungs and supported by rings of cartilage
  9. 19. Transports carbon dioxide back to lungs as well as nutrients from the intestines
  10. 21. The more people vaccinated, the less likely it is that the pathogen will be able to reproduce in a host and spread to a new one.
  11. 23. This immune system is not specific and is not developed over a lifetime. It does not provide immunity but is a second line of defense after the physical barriers.
  12. 24. They destroy damaged or infected cells and can damage the body in the process. They are activated by antigen presenting cells in the same way that helper T cells are activated.
  13. 28. killer cells White blood cells that act as the first line of defense against virus-infected cells and cancer cells. They function by releasing enzymes which induce cell death. This slows down the speed that viruses can reproduce but damages the body in the process.
  14. 31. The Trachea divides into two tubes called....
  15. 32. A shortcut from the artery to the vein
  16. 34. Are produced at the end of the process. They can provide immunity to the pathogen and make it much faster to activate antibody and T cells.