biology

3. An anaerobic process that allows cells to produce energy without oxygen.
5. An essential chemical element that forms the basis of organic molecules in all living organisms.
9. Reactions (Light-Independent Reactions / Calvin Cycle): The phase of photosynthesis that uses stored energy to convert carbon dioxide into sugar without requiring direct sunlight.
10. Processes or organisms that require oxygen to live or function.
11. The global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships on Earth.
12. The solid, non-living parts of the Earth, including rocks, soil, and landforms.
15. Respiration: The process by which cells break down glucose and oxygen to generate usable energy (ATP).
16. An organism (like a plant) that produces its own food from inorganic substances like light or chemicals.
17. The green pigment in plants and algae that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

1. An organism that cannot produce its own food and must consume other organisms for energy.
2. The layer of gases surrounding the Earth or another planet.
4. The initial step of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate to release energy.
6. Processes or organisms that operate without oxygen.
7. (Adenosine Diphosphate): A lower-energy molecule formed when ATP loses a phosphate group; it recharges back into ATP.
8. The plant cell organelle where photosynthesis takes place.
10. (Adenosine Triphosphate): The primary energy-carrying molecule used by cells to power biological work.
13. Transport Chain: A series of proteins that transfer electrons to generate a large amount of ATP during cellular respiration.
14. An organism (like fungi or bacteria) that breaks down dead organic matter and recycles nutrients back into the ecosystem.