Biology 3 Crossword

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Across
  1. 4. A chromosomal mutation where a segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in reverse order
  2. 6. The process of copying a segment of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA)
  3. 8. A biotechnological product used to stimulate the body's immune response against specific diseases
  4. 11. A biomolecule that serves as the primary source of energy for the body
  5. 12. A genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) that alters the reading frame
  6. 16. The process where a ribosome decodes mRNA to synthesize a specific protein
  7. 17. The biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original molecule
  8. 19. The first commercial medical product manufactured using recombinant DNA technology to treat diabetes
  9. 21. Chromosomal ______; a departure from the normal structural or numerical configuration of chromosomes
  10. 22. A type of point mutation where a single nitrogenous base is swapped for another
  11. 23. Any permanent alteration in the DNA sequence of an organism
  12. 30. A very large molecule, such as a protein, essential for cellular structure
  13. 34. Gene ______; the process by which instructions in DNA are converted into a functional protein
  14. 35. The cellular organelle where protein translation takes place
  15. 36. A form of inheritance wherein the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed
  16. 38. An organic compound like fats and oils that is insoluble in water
  17. 39. A mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out or lost
  18. 40. The observable physical traits or characteristics of an organism
Down
  1. 1. A genetic cross between individuals involving a single pair of contrasting traits
  2. 2. ______ enzyme; a protein that cleaves DNA at specific sites along the molecule
  3. 3. A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei (e.g., Down syndrome)
  4. 5. ACID A biomolecule like DNA or RNA that carries genetic codes
  5. 7. ______ DNA; molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination to bring together genetic material from multiple sources
  6. 9. The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism.
  7. 10. The use of living organisms, like microbes, to clean up contaminated environments and pollutants
  8. 13. The genetic principle where one allele masks or overrides the effect of a different allele
  9. 14. — The structural, functional, or physiological differences between individuals of the same population
  10. 15. A type of inheritance pattern that follows the laws set by Gregor Mendel
  11. 18. The complete genetic makeup or allele combination of an individual organism
  12. 20. A genetic cross between individuals involving two different distinct traits
  13. 24. A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence
  14. 25. The full chemical word for the "D" in DNA
  15. 26. A mutation in which a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome
  16. 27. A large molecule composed of amino acids required for cell structure and function
  17. 28. The basic structural subunit or building block of nucleic acids
  18. 29. A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA, often found in bacteria
  19. 31. One of two or more alternative states or versions of a specific gene
  20. 32. A broad type of mutation that alters or affects the entire structure or number of chromosomes
  21. 33. The full chemical word for the "R" in RNA, essential for protein synthesis.
  22. 37. A DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell