Biology 5.1 - 5.4

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Across
  1. 3. tumor A type of tumor where some of the cancer cells metastasize from the tumor, where they are transported to other parts of the body where they can form more tumors called metastases.
  2. 5. reproduction The production of offspring from a single parent and does not involve the joining together of gametes.
  3. 6. A regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division in eukaryotic cells.
  4. 8. A disorganized clump of cancer cells.
  5. 10. The complex of DNA and histones that make up the chromosome
  6. 12. One half of a duplicated chromosome
  7. 14. The first stage of mitosis. Here, DNA and proteins condense into chromosomes, the nucleus breaks down, centrioles move to each side of the cell, and the spindle fibers begin to form.
  8. 15. The second stage of the cell cycle, where DNA replication occurs.
  9. 16. Programmed cell death. It occurs when internal or external signals activate genes that help produce self-destructive enzymes.
  10. 19. The third stage of mitosis. Here, the chromosomes are split apart into two chromatids and are separated to each end of the cell. This is the first stage where cytokinesis can begin.
  11. 21. tumor A type of tumor where cancer cells typically remain clustered together. This means the tumor may be relatively harmless and can probably be cured by removal.
  12. 23. The ends of the chromosomes that are made of nucleotides that prevent the ends of chromosomes from attaching to each other. Does not form genes.
  13. 24. The third stage of the cell cycle, where additional growth occurs.
  14. 25. The final stage of the cell cycle, including mitosis and cytokinesis, where the cell is divided.
  15. 26. A broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division. They bind to receptors that activate certain genes to trigger cell growth.
  16. 27. (of cancer cells), spread to other parts of the body through metastases.
Down
  1. 1. fission The asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism by which the cell divides into two cells of the same size.
  2. 2. The second stage of mitosis. Here, the nucleus dissolves, the spindle fibers attach to each chromosome, and align themselves along the equator (middle) of the cell.
  3. 4. The first stage of the cell cycle, where the cell carries out its normal functions.
  4. 7. A long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory (maintaining) information.
  5. 9. The phase of the cell cycle including G1, Synthesis, and G2 stages. The cell grows, duplicates DNA, and duplicated organelles. In this phase, the DNA is loosely organized like spaghetti.
  6. 10. Substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer. These include tobacco smoke and air pollutants, which are associated with lung cancer.
  7. 11. A phase that occurs in some organisms where the cells are unlikely to divide and in a locked state.
  8. 13. A part of mitosis where the cytoplasm in the cell is divided.
  9. 17. The common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division. It arises when regulation of the cell cycle is disrupted.
  10. 18. The final stage of mitosis. Here, the nucleus forms in each new cell, the chromatids uncoil, and the spindle fibers break.
  11. 20. A group of proteins that DNA interacts with and wraps around into chromatin
  12. 22. The middle of the chromosome where two sister chromatids are held together in a point that appears pinched
  13. 25. The part of the M-Phase where the cell nucleus is divided. This phase is split into four parts.