Biology

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Across
  1. 3. changes in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to environmental factors, and can sometimes lead to genetic disorders or evolution
  2. 5. the stage of the cell cycle when a cell is not actively dividing, but is carrying out normal functions and preparing for division
  3. 7. a term used to describe a genetic trait that is only expressed in an organism's phenotype when two copies of the gene are present
  4. 8. one of the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA, which pairs with cytosine
  5. 12. the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, ready to be separated into two new cells
  6. 13. describing an inheritance pattern involving one/two genes, respectively, and their alleles, which determines the traits of offspring based on the combination of alleles inherited from their parents
  7. 14. the process in which genetic information from DNA is copied into RNA
  8. 16. the two phases of interphase in which a cell grows and carries out normal metabolic functions, and prepares for DNA replication and cell division
  9. 18. the stage of mitosis during which the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers
  10. 20. the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine/uracil
  11. 21. one of the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA, which pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
  12. 22. nitrogenous base in DNA that pairs with adenine
  13. 25. describing the pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA or RNA, where adenine pairs with thymine/uracil, and guanine pairs with cytosine
  14. 27. the final stage of the cell cycle where the cell's cytoplasm divides in two, resulting in two new daughter cells
Down
  1. 1. a molecule that is one of the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, and is also a component of the cell membrane and ATP
  2. 2. one of the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA, which pairs with guanine
  3. 4. the first stage of mitosis, during which chromatin condeses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus begins to form
  4. 6. describing an organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait
  5. 9. describing an organism that has two copies of the same allele for a particular trait
  6. 10. characteristic that is expressed in an organism's phenotype if only one copy of the gene responsible is present
  7. 11. the final stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell, the spindle apparatus breaks down,a dn two new nuclei form
  8. 14. the process in which the genetic information in RNA is used to build a protein
  9. 15. a molecule that is one of the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, and is also a source of energy for the body
  10. 17. genetic material that carries instructions for the development and function of all living organisms
  11. 19. the process by which cells build proteins, including transcription, and translation
  12. 23. the building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
  13. 24. the three-dimensional structure of DNA, consisting of two complementary strands of nucleotides wound around each other in a spiral shape
  14. 26. the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell