Biology Chapter 12

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Across
  1. 5. learned about gene regulation from studying this operon
  2. 7. Hershey and Chase discovered that DNA carried _________ info
  3. 11. that involves only a single gene
  4. 12. sections of mRNA molecules that do not code for proteins
  5. 15. type of chromosomal mutation where extra copies of part of a chromosome are produced
  6. 16. place where translation takes place
  7. 18. enzyme that unzips the double strand in DNA replication
  8. 19. change in the reading frame of the mRNA
  9. 20. each new double stranded molecule has one original and one _______ strand
  10. 21. extra copy of one chromosome
  11. 22. many genes are regulated by __________________
  12. 26. discovered by Griffith
  13. 29. only affect single amino acid
  14. 31. DNA Replication is a _______ process
  15. 35. molecules that fetch the correct amino acids and attach them to growing polypeptides that will eventually be proteins
  16. 36. DNA>RNA>Proteins
  17. 38. DNA + histones = ________
  18. 40. molecules attach to the separate strands at opposite ends of the split
  19. 42. regulation may also occur at the point of __________ instead of transcription
  20. 44. DNA molecule created when DNA polymerase attached complementary nucleotides as it moves along the template strands
  21. 45. the de3coding of the mRNA message to make a polypeptide chain (which later forms a protein)
  22. 46. make up the ribosomes along with proteins; translates the mRNA to assemble proteins
  23. 48. structures controlled by these gens are considered what
  24. 52. site where ********** molecules attach the separate strands at opposite end of the split
  25. 53. regulatory regions
  26. 54. that involves changes that affect an entire chromosome
  27. 57. the removal of one or more nucleotides our of a sequence
  28. 58. mutations are what creates the variation upon which _______________ acts.
Down
  1. 1. set of 3 consecutive nucleotides on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid
  2. 2. when an organism has extra sets of chromosomes, making them triploid or tetraploid
  3. 3. control differentiation of cells and tissues in the embryo
  4. 4. _________ molecules of RNA polymerase can be transcribing the same gene at the same time
  5. 6. a signal sequence that tells RNA polymerase where to attach; place where RNA polymerase binds to DNA during transcription
  6. 8. the product of transcription
  7. 9. changes to genetic material
  8. 10. _________ protein is attracted to lactose and when this sugar is present, it binds with the __________ causing it to detach from the O region and allows TNA polymerase to continue transcribing
  9. 13. used in RNA in place of thymine
  10. 14. broken between base pairs during DNA replication
  11. 17. what must be done to a stretch of DNA before making a protein?
  12. 23. molecules that code for proteins
  13. 24. type of chromosomal mutation where part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome
  14. 25. type of chromosomal mutation where part of a chromosome is reversed
  15. 27. helps position RNA polymerase for transcription
  16. 28. a sequence of DNA that encodes for the production of a protein
  17. 30. chromosomes exist as DNA tightly coiled around ______; another word for protein
  18. 32. process of making an RNA replica of a gene
  19. 33. the process where cells become specialized for individual functions
  20. 34. have ____ chromosomes
  21. 37. DNA polymerase also _____________ the new DNA strand
  22. 39. do not have operons
  23. 40. evidence of this is the fact that hox genes are so well conserved
  24. 41. used in the Hershey Chase experiment along with bacteriophage
  25. 43. required for transcription
  26. 47. type of gene mutation that involves a change in only one or a few nucleotides
  27. 49. a group of genes that operate together
  28. 50. some are regulated by proteins that _____________ transcription
  29. 51. the addition of one or more nucleotides into a sequence
  30. 55. discovered that DNA is the transforming factor
  31. 56. this operon includes 3 genes that encode for proteins that allow the digestions of this