Biology Chapter 4 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 5. electron transport _____ (ETC) A series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons and help make ATP.
  2. 7. A molecule that carries high-energy electrons from earlier stages of cellular respiration to the electron transport chain.
  3. 10. ________ energy – The energy input required to get a chemical reaction started.
  4. 11. _____ cycle, A series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that break down pyruvate to produce carbon dioxide, NADH, and ATP.
  5. 12. A chemical reaction that absorbs energy
  6. 13. A chemical reaction that releases energy.
  7. 15. A process that makes ATP without oxygen by breaking down glucose after glycolysis.
  8. 17. The main energy-carrying molecule of the cell; it stores and releases energy for cellular processes.
  9. 19. The green pigment in plants that captures light energy for photosynthesis.
  10. 23. ______ cycle – The set of chemical reactions in the stroma that use carbon dioxide and energy (from ATP and NADPH) to make glucose.
  11. 24. The set of chemical reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy.
  12. 26. A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up in the process; enzymes are biological catalysts.
  13. 27. A flattened membrane sac inside chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.
  14. 28. cellular _______, The process by which cells break down glucose to store its chemical potential energy in ATP.
Down
  1. 1. The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
  2. 2. A three-carbon molecule formed at the end of glycolysis; it is used in the next stages of cellular respiration.
  3. 3. The molecule that an enzyme acts on in a chemical reaction.
  4. 4. ATP ______ – An enzyme in the inner mitochondrial membrane that uses the flow of hydrogen ions to make ATP.
  5. 6. The enzyme that captures carbon dioxide in the first step of the Calvin cycle.
  6. 8. The fluid-filled space around the thylakoids inside a chloroplast; where the Calvin cycle happens.
  7. 9. Chemical ______ energy – The stored energy in the bonds of molecules that can be released during a chemical reaction.
  8. 14. The set of chemical reactions that break down large molecules into smaller ones and release energy.
  9. 16. oxidative ______ – The final stage of cellular respiration where most ATP is made, using energy from electrons carried by NADH transferred along the electron transport chain.
  10. 18. The molecule or molecules made at the end of a chemical reaction.
  11. 20. The first step of cellular respiration in which six-carbon glucose is broken down into two three-carbon pyruvates, producing ATP and NADH.
  12. 21. A protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction.
  13. 22. The inner space of the mitochondrion where the Krebs cycle takes place.
  14. 24. Requiring oxygen to occur; for example, aerobic respiration needs oxygen.
  15. 25. A particle or packet of light energy that powers the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.