Biology - Chapter 9

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Across
  1. 3. condition of having a stable allele frequency, usual only in large populations
  2. 4. type of mutation that deletes or adds a nucleotide base to a DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading of the sequence during transcription
  3. 10. substance that increases the risk of cancer
  4. 12. unrestrained growth of abnormal cells with the potential to spread to other parts of the body
  5. 14. DNA molecules produced in a laboratory by combining sequences of DNA from different sources, yielding a new sequence not normally found in any genome
  6. 15. loss of genetic variation that results when a new population of organisms is established by a small number of individuals from a larger population
  7. 17. sum of all the alleles possessed by all the individuals in a population of organisms
  8. 19. polymerase chain reaction - laboratory process used to quickly generate many copies of a piece of DNA for medical or research purposes
  9. 20. genetically modified organism
  10. 23. repetitive nucleotide sequence that serves as a protective cap at the end of a chromosome
  11. 24. range of genotypic differences possible between individuals in the same gene pool
  12. 25. movement of alleles into and out of a population of organisms
  13. 26. change in allele frequency due to random events, usually within a small population
Down
  1. 1. small, circular piece of DNA distinct from chromosomal DNA and usually found in bacteria
  2. 2. failure of homologous chromosomes or chromatids to separate properly during meiosis
  3. 5. physical or chemical agent that can change the genetic material of an organism
  4. 6. technique used to identify an individual that is based on sequences in his DNA
  5. 7. process of determining the order of nucleotides in an organism's DNA
  6. 8. abnormal growth of cells
  7. 9. an organism containing genes that have been introduced from a different kind of organism
  8. 11. full set of genetic information coded in an organism's DNA
  9. 13. measurement of how often an allele occurs in a population of organisms
  10. 16. type of mutation that changes a single nucleotide base in a DNA sequence
  11. 17. use of genetic engineering to treat genetic disorders or diseases
  12. 18. condition of having three or more complete sets of chromosomes
  13. 21. term used to describe the situation in which the allele frequency in a population is drastically altered due to a sharp reduction in the size of the population
  14. 22. type of enzyme used to cut DNA into pieces at specific places in the DNA sequence