biology crosword

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Across
  1. 1. A small RNA molecule, consisting of a strand of nucleotides folded into a clover-leaf shape, that picks up an unattached amino acid within the cell cytoplasm and conveys it to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
  2. 5. Any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by formation of a covalent bond accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP.
  3. 7. The group or radical obtained by removal of oneor more hydrogen atoms from phosphoric acid.
  4. 10. Small circular DNA molecules.
  5. 11. Used to produce an organism or cell of one species into which one or more genes of another species have been incorporated.
  6. 13. The action or process of reproducing or duplicating.
  7. 15. A purine base C5H5N5 that codes hereditary information in the genetic code in DNA and RNA, with the base pairing of thymine.
  8. 17. A technique used especially for identification by extracting and identifying the base-pair pattern in an individual's DNA.
  9. 20. The process of constructing a messenger RNA molecule using a DNA molecule as a template with resulting transfer of genetic information to the messenger RNA.
  10. 21. A specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis.
  11. 23. Derived from an organism whose DNA has been altered for the purpose of improvement correction of defects.
  12. 25. A Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication.
  13. 27. A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid from those that don’t.
  14. 28. The sugar found in DNA.
  15. 29. The insertion of usually genetically altered genes into cells especially to replace defective genes in the treatment of genetic disorders.
  16. 30. A pyrimidine base C4H5N3O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA, with the base pairing of guanine.
Down
  1. 2. A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.
  2. 3. A purine base C5H5N5O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA, with the base pairing of cytosine.
  3. 4. Any of various enzymes that catalyze the unwinding and separation of double-stranded DNA or RNA during its replication.
  4. 6. Any of a group of enzymes that promote the synthesis of RNA using DNA or RNA as a template.
  5. 8. DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
  6. 9. The process of binding separate DNA sequences.
  7. 12. The process of forming a protein molecule at a ribosomal site of protein synthesis from information contained in messenger RNA.
  8. 14. An individual grown from a single somatic cell or cell nucleus and genetically identical to it.
  9. 16. An RNA produced by transcription that carries the code for a particular protein from the nuclear DNA to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and acts as a template for the formation of that protein.
  10. 18. An enzime that cuts DNA at a sequence of nucleotides.
  11. 19. RNA that is a fundamental structural element of ribosomes.
  12. 22. A pyrimidine base C5H6N2O2 that is one of the four bases coding genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA, with the base pairing adenine.
  13. 24. A membrane or glassslide, on which sequences of DNA are fixed in anorderly arrangement.
  14. 25. Any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities.
  15. 26. The application of scientific knowledge to legal problems.