biology crosword

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Across
  1. 4. The insertion of usually genetically altered genes into cells especially to replace defective genes in the treatment of genetic disorders.
  2. 9. The action or process of reproducing or duplicating.
  3. 10. Small circular DNA molecules.
  4. 11. A small RNA molecule, consisting of a strand of nucleotides folded into a clover-leaf shape, that picks up an unattached amino acid within the cell cytoplasm and conveys it to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
  5. 15. Used to produce an organism or cell of one species into which one or more genes of another species have been incorporated.
  6. 17. A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.
  7. 18. A technique used especially for identification by extracting and identifying the base-pair pattern in an individual's DNA.
  8. 21. A Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication.
  9. 22. A purine base C5H5N5O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA, with the base pairing of cytosine.
  10. 23. Any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by formation of a covalent bond accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP.
  11. 25. Derived from an organism whose DNA has been altered for the purpose of improvement correction of defects.
  12. 27. A membrane or glassslide, on which sequences of DNA are fixed in anorderly arrangement.
  13. 29. An RNA produced by transcription that carries the code for a particular protein from the nuclear DNA to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and acts as a template for the formation of that protein.
  14. 30. The application of scientific knowledge to legal problems.
  15. 31. A purine base C5H5N5 that codes hereditary information in the genetic code in DNA and RNA, with the base pairing of thymine.
Down
  1. 1. An individual grown from a single somatic cell or cell nucleus and genetically identical to it.
  2. 2. The process of binding separate DNA sequences.
  3. 3. DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
  4. 5. Any of various enzymes that catalyze the unwinding and separation of double-stranded DNA or RNA during its replication.
  5. 6. An enzime that cuts DNA at a sequence of nucleotides.
  6. 7. The group or radical obtained by removal of oneor more hydrogen atoms from phosphoric acid.
  7. 8. The process of forming a protein molecule at a ribosomal site of protein synthesis from information contained in messenger RNA.
  8. 12. The process of constructing a messenger RNA molecule using a DNA molecule as a template with resulting transfer of genetic information to the messenger RNA.
  9. 13. A specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis.
  10. 14. A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid from those that don’t.
  11. 16. Any of a group of enzymes that promote the synthesis of RNA using DNA or RNA as a template.
  12. 19. RNA that is a fundamental structural element of ribosomes.
  13. 20. Any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities.
  14. 24. The sugar found in DNA.
  15. 26. A pyrimidine base C5H6N2O2 that is one of the four bases coding genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA, with the base pairing adenine.
  16. 28. A pyrimidine base C4H5N3O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA, with the base pairing of guanine.