Biology Final

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Across
  1. 1. Cycle reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars
  2. 2. The fluid portion outside the Thylakoids
  3. 4. tiny, free-flowing organisims that live in freshwater and salt water environments.
  4. 7. wetlands formed where rivers meet the sea. Contain a mix of fresh and salt water. Many are shallow so sunlight reaches the bottom and powers photsynthesis.
  5. 8. Light-absorbing molecule
  6. 9. full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lices and the way the organism uses the conditions. For example, part of an organism's niche is ist place in the food web, the range of temperatures it needs to survive, the type of food the organism eats, what it requires to survive and when and how it reproduces.
  7. 10. a cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules in a thylakoid that help to harvest light energy during photosynthesis
  8. 11. day-to-day condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place.
  9. 12. organism that obtains food by eating other organisms
  10. 13. one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it. The parasite obtains all or part of its nutritional needs from the other organism called the "host". Tapeworms are parasites that live in the intestines of mammals. Fleas ticks and lice are parasites.
  11. 14. single-cell algae are supported by nutrients in the water and form the base of many aquatic food webs.
  12. 15. physical or non-living factors that shape ecosystems . For example in climate the abiotic
  13. 16. resulting from competition among organisms sones are formed on a vertical scale.
  14. 19. located between the polar zone and the tropic zone. climate ranges from hot to cold, depending on the season. most affected by the changing angle of the sun.
  15. 20. Below the Photic zone where no light penetrates.
  16. 21. amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
  17. 22. any relationship in which two species live closely together.
  18. 23. an ecosystem in which wate either covers the soil or in present near the surface of the soil for a portion of the year.
  19. 24. natural situation in which gases trap the heat energy of sunlight inside the Earth's atmosphere.
  20. 26. Succession that occurs on land where no soil exists. Example: lava from volcanic eruption build new islands or cover the land with lava or volcanic ash. The same is true of bare rock that is exposed when glaciers melt.
  21. 28. organisms that live on or near the ocean floor
  22. 30. an interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism. Organism that does the killing is the predator. The food organism is the prey.
  23. 31. cold areas where sun's ray strike the Earth at very low angles: North and South poles between 66.5 and 90 degrees North and South latitudes
  24. 32. It is the closest to the land and is exposed to regular and extreme changes in their surrounding.
  25. 34. near the equator between 23.5 North and South latitudes. Receive direct and nearly direct sunlight year round.
  26. 36. principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; captures light energy
  27. 37. A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
  28. 38. feed on phytoplankton
  29. 40. both species benefit from the relationship. One example: flowere provide nectar and pollen than the bees and insects eat. In turn the insects spread the pollen and help the flowers reproduce.
Down
  1. 1. average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region.
  2. 3. process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
  3. 5. an organism that makes its own food
  4. 6. occurs when organisms of the same or different species use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time.
  5. 7. The series of predictable change in a comunity. As an ecosystem changes, older inhabitants die out and new organisms move in.
  6. 8. process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
  7. 10. well-lit upper zone of the ocean to about 200 meters.
  8. 17. tiny pieces of organic mateiral that provide food for organisms at the base of the estuary. Clams, worms and sponges feed on detritus.
  9. 18. In primary succession, it is the first species to populate an area.
  10. 20. process that does not require oxygen
  11. 25. the climate in a small area that differs significantly from the climate around it
  12. 27. one member benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. Example: barnacles attach to a whale's skin and provide no benefit or harm to the whale but he whale's movement brings food to the barnacles.
  13. 29. biological influences of an organism in an ecosystem.
  14. 33. first set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
  15. 35. A compound that can accept and hold 2 high-energy electrons & 1 hydrogen ion, process converts NADP+ into NADPH
  16. 39. process that requires oxygen
  17. 41. adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that stores and then releases energy in living organisms