Biology Key terms

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Across
  1. 4. proposes that sleep evolved to enhance survival by protecting an
  2. 5. REM sleep is a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as ________________, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
  3. 6. Refers to the changes in bodily activities that occur as part of a cycle lasting about 24 hours, or one full day
  4. 8. Aims to re-set the biological clock regulating a person’s sleep-wake cycle to align it with the sleep-wake schedule they desire or require, by timing exposure of light to shift the sleep-wake cycle. The light will be reflected from surfaces and received by the eyes for transmission to the SCN, which will then influence melatonin secretion from the pineal gland.
  5. 9. The amount of the hormone present in______________ the blood is associated with alertness. It is a hormone secreted in relation to the amount of light that is detected and influences alertness-drowsiness and timing of the sleep-wake cycle.
  6. 10. Refers to work that happens on a schedule that is outside the usual hours of 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM. It can involve evening or night shifts and early morning shifts
  7. 14. is the amount of time that we don't sleep. If we require 9 hours of sleep a night and only get 8 all week, there is now 7 hours worth of sleep that we have missed. We tend to make up this debt on the weekend and we usually call it a sleep in.
  8. 15. behavioural, The goal of _______________________therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is to help individuals with insomnia identify and replace thought and behaviours that cause or worsen their insomnia with thoughts and behaviours that minimise the likelihood of their insomnia and promote good sleep.
  9. 17. During ________________, the sleep-wake pattern shifts towards the evening. Delayed release of melatonin by up to 2 hours. This may be due to social factors (homework demands, after school activities, internet, parties etc.)
  10. 19. through making it inactive during the part of the day when it is risky or dangerous to
  11. 20. _______hours of sleep deprivation is equivalent to a BAC of 0.05%.
  12. 21. Sleep disorder involving persistent difficulty falling asleep at the usual sleep time, despite having adequate time and opportunity for sleep.
Down
  1. 1. In relation to the ______________ NREM (particularly stages 3 & 4) is important for restoring the body (rejuvenating muscles), whereas REM is important for restoring the mind/brain (making sense and consolidating neural connections).
  2. 2. Involves getting up from bed and walking about or performing other behaviours while asleep.
  3. 3. about.
  4. 5. involves having less sleep (either quantity or quality) than what is normally required. We categorized these impacts into three types; Affective, behavioral, and cognitive
  5. 7. Refer to the changes in bodily activities that occur as part of a cycle that is less than 24 hours
  6. 11. A sleep disorder due to a disturbance to the circadian sleep-wake cycle caused by rapid travel across multiple time zones. Results in a mismatch between our internal circadian biological clock and the external environment
  7. 12. are a group of sleep disorders involving sleep disruption that is primarily due to a mismatch between an individual’s sleep-wake pattern and the pattern that is desired or required.
  8. 13. Sleep disorders that produce difficulty initiating, maintaining and/or timing sleep.
  9. 16. Approximately 75–80% of our total sleep time is spent in ____________sleep. Typically the first half of the night has more NREM sleep than the second half of the night.
  10. 18. In relation to stage_______NREM, we enter into a relaxed state known as a hypnogogic state. The hypnogogic state is a transition from being awake to either falling asleep or being asleep. The hypnogogic state is characterised by the sleeper seeing hallucinatory images and the sleeper experiencing involuntary muscle movements such as the hypnic jerk.