Biology Review

7. receives oxygen poor blood
9. chordates with a backbone
11. part of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another
12. tube-like excretory structures that filter body fluid
14. extra copy of all or part of chromosome
15. tube connecting the mouth and esophagus
17. bubble like structures that provide an enormous amount of surface area
18. What is a gene mutations that involve changes in one or a few nucleotides? (Two words)
19. innermost germ layer, develops into linings of digestive tract/respiratory system
20. chemical or agent in the environment that cause mutation
21. organs that exchange oxygen
22. What separates waste and extra water from the blood?
23. untwists the double helix and exposes complementary strands
24. pumps blood out oxygen rich blood

1. outermost layer, produces organs, nerves, and the outer layer of skin
2. What is a nucleic acid that consists of a long chain of nucleotide?
3. reverses direction of parts of a chromosome
4. a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood around the body
5. making RNA from a sequence of DNA bases
6. middle layer, develops into muscle, most of circulatory, reproductive, excretory system
8. heritable changes in genetic information
10. What are long chains of amino acids called?
13. reads along each naked single strand adding the complementary nucleotide (Two words)
14. loss of all or part of chromosome
16. proteins are built on ribosomes, which are made of two subunits made up of ribosomal RNA molecules
25. What splices together the short segments of the discontinuous strand?