biology terms

1234567891011121314151617181920212223
Across
  1. 3. Clusters of light-absorbing pigments implanted in the thylakoid membrane are able to capture and transfer energy to special chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.
  2. 8. A layer of cells that comprises most of the interior leaf between the upper and lower epidermis
  3. 13. ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase; a critical enzyme that acts as a catalyst for the reduction of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis
  4. 15. Process of converting ADP to ATP using the energy of the sunlight and involving the splitting of water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen protons (H+)
  5. 18. An organelle found in cells of green plants and photosynthetic algae where photosynthesis takes place
  6. 20. A molecule capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced during photosynthesis.
  7. 22. The pigment and protein complex that is responsible for producing the proton gradient required for ATP and absorbs light at the 680 nm wavelength.
  8. 23. Series of protein complexes that transfer electrons to electron acceptors from electron donors through redox reactions in a specific direction across the thylakoid membrane. The movement of hydrogen ions is coupled with this. When hydrogen ions move through the protein and down the electron transport chain, ATP is created.
Down
  1. 1. A plot of the effectiveness of light energy of different wavelengths in driving a chemical process.
  2. 2. The enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP with phosphate groups using the energy from a proton gradient. The potential energy in the proton gradient is converted to chemical potential in ATP.
  3. 4. A plot of light energy of various wavelengths that a substance absorbs.
  4. 5. Photosynthesis transforms waves of light energy into chemical potential energy, which the plant stores in the molecular bonds in sugar molecules, in essence energy is converted from light energy to potential energy in the proton gradient and then to potential energy in biological molecules.
  5. 6. An organism that can produce its own food given the right circumstances (light, water, CO2) (a producer)
  6. 7. The pigment and protein complex that is responsible for producing NADPH and absorbs light at the 700 nm wavelength.
  7. 9. The second stage of photosynthesis uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into sugars.
  8. 10. During photosynthetic electron transport, (H+) protons accumulate at high concentrations inside the thylakoid space. The concentration gradient between the inside and outside of the thylakoids is the energy source used by the ATP synthase. They do so in 3 ways: The production of H+ ions from the oxidation of water, the pumping of H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid interior and the combining of H+ ions with NADP+ in the stroma.
  9. 11. The first stage of photosynthesis when water molecules are split as light energy is absorbed and transformed into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)
  10. 12. The process by which plants fix atmospheric carbon dioxide or inorganic carbon to produce organic compounds; reducing the carbon from CO2.
  11. 14. A complex of proteins and pigments that contain the primary electron acceptor.
  12. 16. An organism that cannot produce its own food, so must consume other sources of organic carbon (a consumer)
  13. 17. The pigment and protein complex that is responsible for producing the proton gradient required for ATP and absorbs light at the 680 nm wavelength.
  14. 19. The pigment and protein complex that is responsible for producing NADPH and absorbs light at the 700 nm wavelength.
  15. 21. A pore in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gaseous exchange