Biology time!
Across
- 5. An organism with two identical alleles for a given gene
- 7. Inheritance pattern where a heterozygote shows an intermediate phenotype
- 9. Cancer that has spread from its original site to other parts of the body
- 10. A chronic disease characterised by high blood glucose levels
- 13. The physical location of a gene on a chromosome
- 14. Immunity gained through exposure to a pathogen or vaccine that generates memory cells
- 18. An uncontrolled division of cells forming a mass
- 20. The evolutionary process by which populations change over time due to selection pressures
- 23. An organism whose genome has been altered using biotechnology
- 24. The study of the distribution and determinants of disease in populations
- 25. A weakened or inactive form of a pathogen used to stimulate immunity
- 26. A substance known to cause cancer
- 28. A technique used to make many copies of a specific DNA segment
- 29. The genetic makeup of an organism
- 32. The body's system for maintaining a stable internal environment
- 34. An organism's observable characteristics
- 35. A version of a gene
- 37. A change in a single nucleotide base pair
- 38. Factors like diet, smoking, and exercise that influence disease risk
Down
- 1. A pattern of inheritance where both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote
- 2. Programmed cell death, a normal process disrupted in cancer
- 3. White blood cells responsible for engulfing pathogens
- 4. The process of cell division that produces gametes with half the chromosome number
- 6. A random change in allele frequency, especially significant in small populations
- 8. A disease-causing organism
- 11. Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, used in genetic engineering
- 12. A non-cellular infectious agent that requires a host cell to replicate
- 15. A permanent change in the DNA sequence
- 16. The transfer of a pathogen from a reservoir to a susceptible host
- 17. A disorder in which the immune system attacks the body's own cells
- 19. A molecule on the surface of a pathogen that triggers an immune response
- 21. Proteins produced by B cells that recognise specific antigens
- 22. A disease not caused by a pathogen
- 26. The gene-editing tool derived from a bacterial immune system
- 27. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
- 30. A hormone-producing gland involved in regulating metabolism
- 31. The enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication
- 33. An organism that carries and transmits a pathogen without being affected itself
- 36. A diagram used to trace inheritance of a trait through generations of a family
- 37. A small circular piece of bacterial DNA often used as a vector in genetic engineering