Biology Unit 1

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Across
  1. 3. The chemical process where small, repeating molecular units called monomers link together to form long, larger molecules called polymers.
  2. 7. The movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, against a concentration gradient.
  3. 8. A double-membraned organelle found in eukaryotic cells that serves as the cell's control center, storing the DNA and directing growth and reproduction.
  4. 12. A large macromolecule composed of repeating nucleotide units that stores, transmits, and expresses genetic information, ultimately functioning as the blueprint for life's processes and the creation of proteins.
  5. 15. The passive, net movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration).
  6. 17. A membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris like old organelles, food particles, and invading viruses or bacteria.
  7. 18. An extensive network of membrane-bound sacs and tubules within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, continuous with the nuclear envelope.
  8. 19. The smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life's processes.
  9. 20. A specific region on an enzyme where a substrate binds and a chemical reaction occurs, allowing the enzyme to catalyze the process.
Down
  1. 1. Membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are primarily responsible for generating the cell's energy currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), through cellular respiration.
  2. 2. A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that acts as the cell's "post office", receiving proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifying them, and then sorting and packaging them into vesicles for delivery to other locations inside or outside the cell.
  3. 4. The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy, typically moving down the substance's concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
  4. 5. A biological catalyst, typically a protein, that speeds up chemical reactions within living organisms without being consumed or permanently altered by the reaction.
  5. 6. The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.
  6. 9. A small molecule that serves as the repeating subunit of a larger molecule, called a polymer.
  7. 10. The rigid, outer layer found in plant cells, algae, fungi, and bacteria, but not in animal cells.
  8. 11. A diverse group of molecules that are generally hydrophobic (water-fearing) and soluble in fats, oils, and nonpolar solvents, but not in water.
  9. 13. Organic compounds that serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms.
  10. 14. An organelle found in plant and algal cells responsible for photosynthesis.
  11. 16. A selectively permeable barrier that surrounds all cells, separating the internal environment from the external environment.