Biology Unit 2

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Across
  1. 2. series of events that cause cells to divide
  2. 5. a cell containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes
  3. 7. site of light dependent reactions.
  4. 8. the identical copies of chromatids formed from DNA replication
  5. 9. A series of reactions that break glucose down into pyruvates
  6. 11. Synthesizes lipids and phospholipids
  7. 12. A stack-like structure in plant chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis.
  8. 14. When a cell targets a distant cell through the bloodstream
  9. 15. he concentration of particles is higher in one area than another
  10. 17. the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient
  11. 18. a chemical messenger released by one cell to signal either itself or a different cell.
  12. 19. the phase where DNA is replicated
  13. 20. An equal distribution of solute and net movement of water causing the cell to stay the same
  14. 21. asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies
  15. 22. the division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
  16. 25. a cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
  17. 26. causes the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins
  18. 29. decreased solute concentration, and a net movement of water inside the cell, causing swelling
  19. 30. a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
  20. 35. the state in which a reversible reaction taking place stops changing the ratio of reactants and products, but there is a movement of substances between the reactants and the products.
  21. 38. a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport
  22. 39. the phase where the chromosomes are attachted to spindle fibers.
  23. 40. the space between two membranes
  24. 42. the phase where the cell grows, replicates its DNA and prepares for mitosis
  25. 43. a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.
  26. 46. the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration
  27. 48. a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules out of the cell
  28. 49. the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events
  29. 50. chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals
  30. 51. a protein that catalyzes the formation of ATP using ADP
  31. 52. The set of one chromosome from your mother and father
  32. 53. When a cell targets itself
Down
  1. 1. the part of the cell cycle which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei
  2. 3. theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms
  3. 4. the space within the inner membrane of mitochondria
  4. 6. increased solute, and a net movement of water outside causing the cell to shrink
  5. 10. When a cell targets a cell close by
  6. 13. site of light independent reactions
  7. 16. a family of proteins that controls the progression of a cell through the cell cycle
  8. 22. a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place
  9. 23. the green pigment found in plants which is primarily involved in absorbing light energy for photosynthesis
  10. 24. a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes
  11. 27. the ability to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation
  12. 28. a threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria to swim
  13. 31. series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose
  14. 32. cells designed to carry out a particular role in the body
  15. 33. a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes
  16. 34. a role in movement, but are more often involved in adherence to surfaces
  17. 36. a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
  18. 37. a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP
  19. 38. a mature haploid male or female germ cell
  20. 41. the phase where the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
  21. 44. cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated
  22. 45. the phase where the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears
  23. 47. the phase where the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed