Biology Unit 5

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Across
  1. 1. Enzyme used to unzip the DNA molecule during DNA replication
  2. 4. Segment of newly formed DNA on the lagging strand, connected together by ligase during DNA replication
  3. 7. Making a copy of DNA, occurs during the s phase of interphase
  4. 10. Gene mutation- when a base is substituted- changes only 1 amino acid
  5. 12. 3 letter section of mRNA that codes for an amino acid
  6. 13. Type of mutation that changes whole sections of a chromosome by adding, deleting, inverting, or moving sections
  7. 16. Replicating strand of DNA that adds nucleotides moving towards helicase
  8. 18. Macromoleculemade of amino acids- used for enzymes, transport, and cell structures
  9. 19. Refers to DNA and histone proteins that make up chromosomes
  10. 20. Monomer of proteins- these are carried by tRNA molecules during transcription
  11. 22. Monomer of nucleic acids- made of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base
  12. 24. 2nd step of protein synthesis, takes place at a ribosome and uses tRNA molecules to assemble amino acids into proteins
  13. 27. Type of mutations that only affects one gene by substituting, adding, or deleting bases
Down
  1. 2. Replicating strand of DNA that adds nucleotides moving away from helicase
  2. 3. Used to organize DNA to fit in the nucleus, together with DNA makes up chromatin
  3. 5. Single stranded nucleic acid used by cells, has bases a,u,g, and c types include mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
  4. 6. 3 letter section of tRNA that matches to a codon of mRNA
  5. 8. Organelle where proteins are made
  6. 9. Gene mutation- when a base is added or deleted and changes all amino acids after the mutation
  7. 11. Part of a nucleotide along with a 5 carbon sugar and phosphate group
  8. 14. 1st step of protein synthesis, takes place in the nucleus and creates a strand of mRNA.
  9. 15. Section of DNA that codes for a protein, has introns and exons- passed from parents to offspring
  10. 17. Section of a gene that codes for protein
  11. 21. Strand of RNA created during transcription- each 3-letter section is called a codon
  12. 23. Section of a gene between exons- does not code for proteins, "Junk"
  13. 25. Type of RNA used during translation, carries the amino acid and matches up with the mRNA codon
  14. 26. Double stranded nucleic acid that has all genetic material, bases include a,t,g, and c, located in the nucleus