Biology Unit 7 Ecology Review 1/2

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Across
  1. 3. Field of biology that classifies organisms, organizing them based on similar characteristics
  2. 5. The zone of life on Earth, encompassing all of Earth’s ecosystems
  3. 8. Population grows without limit; Ex. Human population
  4. 11. Converts carbon from once-living organisms into fossil fuels through intense heat and compression
  5. 13. A graphic representation of mortality patterns
  6. 18. H2O and is necessary for the life processes of all living things
  7. 21. Multiple organisms of the same species living together
  8. 22. Tool used for identifying organisms based on their characteristics
  9. 24. Bacteria convert nitrogen in ammonia into nitrates and nitrites to be absorbed by plants in their roots (how nitrogen enters the food chain and eventually reaches humans)
  10. 27. The variety of organisms considered at all levels, from populations to ecosystem
  11. 28. Earth’s surface (including oceans, lakes, rivers, etc.), Under Earth’s surfaces (groundwater, aquifers), In the atmosphere, In living organisms
  12. 29. (A survivorship curve); Early loss; produce lots of offspring at once and many die right away; Ex. fish, mosquitoes
  13. 32. Diagram that shows relatedness of organisms (Does NOT show ancestral relationships like a phylogenetic tree does)
  14. 34. 2 parents produce genetically unique offspring
  15. 36. Water rises back into the atmosphere as water vapor from plants
  16. 38. Most important living organism in the nitrogen cycle and in converting nitrogen to different forms
  17. 40. The ____________ is different from other geochemical cycles in that no step is completed without the help of living organisms
  18. 41. All of the chemical reactions of each cell in an organism that provide energy for life's processes and create key molecules
  19. 42. CO2 released into atmosphere from burning (wood or fossil fuels, which contain carbon, are burned, causing major increase of CO2 in the atmosphere)
  20. 48. The use of ___________ adds WAY too much nitrogen to the soil, creating an imbalance
  21. 50. Plants capture CO2 from the atmosphere and H2O from the soil and use it to make sugar
  22. 52. Water falls to Earth as a liquid (usually rain, sleet or snow)
  23. 53. Composed of many cells
  24. 55. CO2 and H2O released into atmosphere as waste from metabolism (breaking down food for energy)
  25. 57. Water vapor condenses to form clouds before precipitating again
  26. 59. Decomposers break down carbon from dead organisms, recycling it in the soil OR decomposers, like bacteria, break down dead matter, returning nitrogen to the soil
  27. 60. The atmosphere, macromolecules (only proteins and nucleic acids), fossil fuels, waste, soil
  28. 61. Limiting factors that regulate population growth regardless of its size or density; Nearly all species in an ecosystem are affected equally by these limiting factors; Ex. Weather changes, pollution, natural disasters
  29. 62. (A survivorship curve); Constant loss; mortality unaffected by age; Ex. Some birds, rodents
  30. 63. Represent the movement of a particular form of matter through the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem
  31. 64. (A survivorship curve); Late loss; heavy parental care; Ex. Humans
Down
  1. 1. Bacteria convert nitrogen from waste (urine and feces) into ammonia
  2. 2. A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place
  3. 4. An underground layer of permeable rock that can hold water
  4. 6. (like plants and algae) remove CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it into simple sugars
  5. 7. (like bacteria, earthworms, and fungi) break down dead materials and return nutrients (like carbon) to the soil
  6. 9. All macromolecules, Our atmosphere (as CO2), Minerals and rocks, Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), Organic (living) materials in soil or aquatic sediments
  7. 10. Community PLUS all of the abiotic factors in the environment
  8. 12. Aspects of the environment that limit the size a population can reach; can be biotic (living) or abiotic (nonliving)
  9. 14. The basis of all organic molecules, and is found in a variety of chemical forms
  10. 15. The study of relationships (between two organisms/organism and its environment)
  11. 16. Composed of one cell
  12. 17. The theoretical maximum population that a given environment could support
  13. 19. This cycle is driven by the sun, which causes evaporation from reservoirs and organisms
  14. 20. _______, plants and fungi do cellular respiration in order to break down carbon-rich foods for energy
  15. 22. Limiting factors that have a bigger impact on more dense populations; These are factors that can be triggered by an increase in population size, and thus crowding; Ex. Competition, Predation, Parasitism, Disease
  16. 23. Bacteria convert nitrogen in ammonia to N2 so it can go back into the atmosphere
  17. 25. Individual member of a species or population
  18. 26. Like carbon, takes on a variety of chemical forms
  19. 30. Sun heats liquid water to vapor and it rises to the atmosphere
  20. 31. Bacteria (or lightning!) in the soil or water convert nitrogen (from the air or water) into forms that plants can use
  21. 33. A change in an organism's environment (cause)
  22. 35. When a body of water becomes overly enriched with nutrients, causing excessive algae growth
  23. 37. 2-name naming system by Carolus Linnaeus that names organisms after their two most specific classification levels: Genus species
  24. 39. The spatial distribution of organisms in a population; could be random, uniform/even, or clumped
  25. 43. Multiple ecosystems that share similar characteristics but are located in different parts of the planet
  26. 44. One organism eats another for carbon OR one organism eats another and obtains the nitrogen in it
  27. 45. Some water seeps underground from the surface of the Earth
  28. 46. 1 parent produces genetically identical offspring
  29. 47. Population grows quickly at first and then levels off; Ex. Most natural populations (fish, rabbits, trees, etc.)
  30. 48. _____ and other decomposers breakdown nitrogen-rich waste and put it in the soil
  31. 49. Liquid water that isn’t infiltrated runs along the surface and collects in bodies of water
  32. 51. Measures the number of individual organisms living in a defined space; Affected by birth (natality), immigration, death (mortality), emigration
  33. 54. Multiple populations of different species living together
  34. 56. How an organism reacts to a change in its environment (effect)
  35. 58. Has cells and genetic material, capable of growth and reproduction, ability to respond and adapt as a population, and consumes energy