BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FISH DISEASE

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Across
  1. 1. Condition ________ including immune system, genetic and physiologically.
  2. 4. Function of Cellulomonas sp is to ____________ of plant material. BREAKAGE
  3. 7. Recognizing that the proteins are _________, the cells display them on their surface to alert the body’s immune system.
  4. 8. DNA Vaccines does not required.
  5. 10. Reduction of organic matter.
  6. 11. When the vaccine is injected into the host, the inner machinery of the host cells “reads” the DNA and converts it into proteins from the ¬¬¬________.
  7. 13. What the similar well known vaccines that exist against disease for fish?
  8. 15. Advantages of mPCR.
  9. 18. What is the natural process whereby bacteria or other microorganisms alter and break down organic molecules into other substances, such as fatty acids and carbon dioxide.
  10. 20. Prebiotics are _________carbohydrates that act as food for probiotics.
  11. 24. What are the substances that Malaysia government bands for human safety?
  12. 26. The word ‘vaccination’ derived from ____
  13. 28. Viruses require ________ animal cells to grow, while bacteria can grow by themselves in a simple substrate.
  14. 29. One of traditional disease diagnostic methods.
  15. 31. DNA vaccines contain an agent that _________ disease-causing microorganism.
  16. 32. Advantage of ______ is a rapid to perform and cost effective, high sensitivity and specific.
  17. 34. What does Edward Jenner exposed to protect people from small pox ?
  18. 37. __________ exposure is often required to achieve a probiotic effect.
  19. 38. Cause of development and spread of a disease in biological and physical factors.
  20. 39. What is the product for a live microbial adjunct which has a beneficial effect on the host by modifying the host-associated or ambient microbial community, by insuring improved use of feed or by enhancing its nutrition, by enhancing the host response towards disease, or by improving quality of the ambient environment.
Down
  1. 1. Cell which spur the production of antibodies.
  2. 2. Virulence of the pathogen.
  3. 3. What is process of microorganisms breakdown of organic waste in aquaculture and improve ecological environment of aquaculture by minimizing the ammonia, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide which cause toxicity on the aquatic animal.
  4. 5. ________ that prevent their bodily fluid from turning into crystal.
  5. 6. oxidation of nitrate is a role of __________ probiotic.
  6. 9. __________ provide primarily humoral immunity.
  7. 11. A DNA vaccine is based on a circular DNA element called a ________ in which a gene from the virus is inserted.
  8. 12. What is the technique which electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing chemicals, drugs, or DNA to be introduced into the cell.
  9. 14. Traditional vaccines uses weakend or _______ form of infectious organism.
  10. 16. Potentially harmless bacteria strains to prevent fish disease caused by __________bacteria as well as boosting survival and growth performances.
  11. 17. Vaccination aims at stimulation of immune memory _________ to microorganisms.
  12. 19. Probiotic can help to speed up the breakdown of __________.
  13. 21. What is the product after DNA plasmid of pathogen injected into the fish muscle to produce pathogen protein for production of antibodies and killer T cell to kill infected cells
  14. 22. Test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance.
  15. 23. Mineralization and breakage of protein.
  16. 25. Cell which kill infected cells outright.
  17. 27. Probiotics that can oxidize ammonia.
  18. 30. Character of bacteria for probiotic is able to __________.
  19. 33. Parasites are __________ and often impossible to grow in the laboratory.
  20. 35. Plasmid with multiple genes provides __________against many diseases in one booster.
  21. 36. The main problem that was be face in culturing aquatic animals especially fish is infection of ___