Biotechnology

4. Cloning The process of producing multiple copies of a gene.
5. Interdisciplinary science that involves developing and applying information technology (computer hardware and software) for analyzing biological data such as DNA and protein sequences.
8. Fingerprinting An analysis of an organism's unique DNA composition as a characteristic marker or fingerprint for identification purposes, such as forensic analysis, remains identification, and paternity.
10. A broad area of science involving many different disciplines designed to use living organisms or their products to perform valuable industrial or manufacturing processes or applications that will solve problems.
12. Stem Cells (ASCs) Stem cells derived from tissues of an adult, as opposed to embryonic stem cells, which are derived from a blastocyst; can differentiate to produce other cell types.
13. DNA Technology Technique that allows DNA to be combined from different sources; also called gene or DNA splicing.

1. Stem Cells (ESCs) Immature (undifferentiated) cells that are capable of forming all mature cell types in animals and that can be derived from embryos at several days age or from adult tissues.
2. Cells Cells typically derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst; cells can undergo differentiation to form all cell types in the body.
3. All the gene's in an organism's DNA.
6. Stem Cells (iPSCs) Nuclear reprogramming of mouse and human cells, heralded as a revolution in stem-cell biology research.
7. Culture Growing cells in laboratory conditions outside of a whole organism (in vitro); usually a term applied to growing mammalian cells.
9. A substance produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms; commonly used to treat bacterial infections in humans, pets, and farm animals.
11. Engineering The process of altering an organism's DNA. This is usually by design.
14. A change in the DNA structure or sequence of a gene.