Blood and the Immune System

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Across
  1. 3. a substance, usually protein, that stimulate the formation of an antibody
  2. 4. a red blood cell that contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen
  3. 9. the clumping of blood cells caused by antigens and antibodies
  4. 12. a T cell that destroys microbes, body cells infected with viruses, and mutated cell by puncturing cell membranes
  5. 17. a lymphocyte, made and processed in the bone marrow, that produces antibodies
  6. 18. the process by which blood cell engulfs and chemically destroys a microbe
  7. 20. a plasma protein that helps defend against invading microbes by tagging the microbe for phagocytosis
  8. 22. a T cell that turns off the immune system
  9. 25. a phagocytosis white blood cells found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen and liver
  10. 28. a white blood cell
  11. 29. a protein produced by the T cells that acts as a chemical messenger between other T cells and B cells
  12. 30. another potential source of blood incompatibility
Down
  1. 1. the reduction in blood oxygen due to low level of hemoglobin or poor red blood cell production
  2. 2. a port along a cell membrane into which hormones, nutrients, and other needed materials fit
  3. 5. this is produced by circulating white blood cells known as basophils and mast cells found in connective tissues
  4. 6. localized nonspecific response triggered when tissue cells are injured by bacteria or physical injury, characterized by swelling, heat, redness, and pain
  5. 7. a T cell with receptors that bind to fragments of antigens
  6. 8. control blood clotting
  7. 10. controls osmotic balance
  8. 11. a cell that is capable of developing into number of specialized cell, such as neuron or muscle cell
  9. 13. a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and blocks it
  10. 14. a protein formed within the blood that reacts with an antigen
  11. 15. a lymphocyte, manufactured in the bone marrow and processed by the thymus gland, that identifies and attacks foreign substance
  12. 16. this occurs when the immune system mistakes harmless antigens from harmful invaders
  13. 19. makes antibodies for protection
  14. 21. a thick liquid composed of protein fragments from digestion leukocytes and microbes
  15. 23. a component of blood responsible for initiating blood clotting
  16. 24. this is released from the platelet initiate a series of reaction that produce a blood clot
  17. 26. the fluid portion of the body
  18. 27. a blood clot that dislodges and carries by the circulatory system to another part of the body