Blood and the Immune System
Across
- 3. a substance, usually protein, that stimulate the formation of an antibody
- 4. a red blood cell that contains hemoglobin and carries oxygen
- 9. the clumping of blood cells caused by antigens and antibodies
- 12. a T cell that destroys microbes, body cells infected with viruses, and mutated cell by puncturing cell membranes
- 17. a lymphocyte, made and processed in the bone marrow, that produces antibodies
- 18. the process by which blood cell engulfs and chemically destroys a microbe
- 20. a plasma protein that helps defend against invading microbes by tagging the microbe for phagocytosis
- 22. a T cell that turns off the immune system
- 25. a phagocytosis white blood cells found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen and liver
- 28. a white blood cell
- 29. a protein produced by the T cells that acts as a chemical messenger between other T cells and B cells
- 30. another potential source of blood incompatibility
Down
- 1. the reduction in blood oxygen due to low level of hemoglobin or poor red blood cell production
- 2. a port along a cell membrane into which hormones, nutrients, and other needed materials fit
- 5. this is produced by circulating white blood cells known as basophils and mast cells found in connective tissues
- 6. localized nonspecific response triggered when tissue cells are injured by bacteria or physical injury, characterized by swelling, heat, redness, and pain
- 7. a T cell with receptors that bind to fragments of antigens
- 8. control blood clotting
- 10. controls osmotic balance
- 11. a cell that is capable of developing into number of specialized cell, such as neuron or muscle cell
- 13. a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and blocks it
- 14. a protein formed within the blood that reacts with an antigen
- 15. a lymphocyte, manufactured in the bone marrow and processed by the thymus gland, that identifies and attacks foreign substance
- 16. this occurs when the immune system mistakes harmless antigens from harmful invaders
- 19. makes antibodies for protection
- 21. a thick liquid composed of protein fragments from digestion leukocytes and microbes
- 23. a component of blood responsible for initiating blood clotting
- 24. this is released from the platelet initiate a series of reaction that produce a blood clot
- 26. the fluid portion of the body
- 27. a blood clot that dislodges and carries by the circulatory system to another part of the body