Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System

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Across
  1. 1. organ system composed of bones and cartilage that provides for movement, support, and protection
  2. 4. where two bone surfaces meet
  3. 6. bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces
  4. 8. (also, Haversian system) basic structural unit of compact bone; made of concentric layers of calcified matrix
  5. 10. cell responsible for resorbing bone
  6. 14. hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow
  7. 15. broken bone
  8. 16. bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
  9. 18. connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored
  10. 19. process, during bone growth, by which bone is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another
  11. 23. region of the epiphyseal plate that anchors the plate to the osseous tissue of the epiphysis
  12. 24. semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement
  13. 26. production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones
  14. 30. thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs
  15. 33. layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between the two layers of compact bone found in flat bones
  16. 35. membrane that covers cartilage
  17. 36. small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces
  18. 38. surgical exposure of a bone to reset a fracture
  19. 40. primary cell in mature bone; responsible for maintaining the matrix
  20. 48. bone markings where part of the surface sticks out above the rest of the surface, where tendons and ligaments attach
  21. 49. (also, cancellous bone) trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution
  22. 51. wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow
  23. 52. dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces
  24. 53. cluster of osteoblasts found in the early stages of intramembranous ossification
  25. 54. (also, Volkmann’s canal) channel that branches off from the central canal and houses vessels and nerves that extend to the periosteum and endosteum
  26. 55. (also, growth plate) sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length
  27. 56. fibrocartilaginous matrix, in the endosteal region, between the two ends of a broken bone
  28. 58. process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue
  29. 59. region of the epiphyseal plate that makes new chondrocytes to replace those that die at the diaphyseal end of the plate and contributes to longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate
Down
  1. 2. process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
  2. 3. undifferentiated cell with high mitotic activity; the only bone cells that divide; they differentiate and develop into osteoblasts
  3. 5. longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal
  4. 7. blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone
  5. 9. (singular = trabecula) spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone
  6. 11. process by which osteoclasts resorb old or damaged bone at the same time as and on the same surface where osteoblasts form new bone to replace that which is resorbed
  7. 12. delicate membranous lining of a bone’s medullary cavity
  8. 13. cell responsible for forming new bone
  9. 17. condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium
  10. 20. fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone and continuous with ligaments
  11. 21. region of bone development in the epiphyses
  12. 22. small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment
  13. 25. region, deep in the periosteal collar, where bone development starts during endochondral ossification
  14. 27. disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass; occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation, a common occurrence as the body ages
  15. 28. cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provides limited motion
  16. 29. thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
  17. 31. connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where hematopoiesis takes place
  18. 32. (singular = lacuna) spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte
  19. 34. cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever
  20. 37. tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone
  21. 39. doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries
  22. 41. manual manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position without surgery
  23. 42. completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate
  24. 43. uncalcified bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts
  25. 44. collar of hyaline cartilage and bone that forms around the outside of a fracture
  26. 45. opening or depression in a bone
  27. 46. condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium
  28. 47. (also, osteogenesis) bone formation
  29. 50. (singular = canaliculus) channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte’s many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients
  30. 57. hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton