Building Materials

3. Broadleaf trees that lose their leaves at the end of the growing season.
6. The name given to natural or engineered products of the sawmill. Logs that have been sawed into usable boards, planks, and timbers.
7. A needle-bearing tree, such as an evergreen. Softwoods come from these trees.
8. A board material manufactured of wood fiber formed into a panel with a density of approximately 50–80 lb. per cu. ft. Also called fiberboard.
10. Cavity that contains or has contained pitch in solid or liquid form.
12. Wood strip used o separate lumber as it dries
15. Ring or layer of wood that represents one growth period of a tree. In cross-section, the rings may indicate the age of the tree.
17. Wood seasoned in a kiln by means of artificial heat, controlled humidity, and air circulation.
19. An irregularity occurring in or on wood that reduces its strength, durability, or usefulness.

1. Reducing the moisture content of lumber to the required level specified for its grade and use.
2. The wood extending from the pith or center of the tree to the sapwood. Heartwood cells no longer participate in the life processes of the tree.
4. Softwood lumber cut so the annular rings form an angle of less than 45° with the board’s surface.
5. Any variation from true or plane surface, warp may include any one or combinations of the following: cup, bow, crook, and twist (or wind).
7. The layer of wood cells located beneath the bark of a tree.
9. Disintegration of wood substance due to action of wood-destroying fungi.
11. Lumber defect caused by a branch or limb embedded in the tree and cut through during lumber manufacture.
13. Hardwood cut so the annular rings form an angle of more than 45° with the surface of the board.
14. Outer ply of plywood.
16. Inside area of the cambium layer that develops new wood cells.
18. A formed panel consisting of wood flakes, shavings, and chips bonded together with a synthetic resin or other added binder.