C3.2 Defence against disease

1. primary defense which is present to trap pathogens, present in areas without skin
4. disease-causing microorganisms or viruses
6. enzyme which changes soluble fibrogenic insoluble fibrin protein to form a mesh
9. the cells activated by a specific helper T cell that displays the antigen on the surface
10. white blood cells that move through ameboid movements, and engulf pathogens
12. y-shaped proteins with a binding site to attach the corresponding antigen
13. the clumping of particles which acts as an immune response from the corresponding antibody-antigen reacting together
15. immunity occurs when a large portion of a community becomes immune to a disease, making it unlikely to spread. to protect vulnerable communities.
17. primary defense system which acts as a physical barrier to prevent entry of pathogens
19. stimulate the immune system to fight pathogens without causing the disease
20. oily substance that maintains moisture, and increases acidity to inhibit bacterial growth
21. a type of endocytosis that breaks down pathogens in the lysosome

1. lymphocytes which are formed after initial exposure to pathogens
2. infectious disease that are naturally transmitted from vertibrate animals to humans
3. secondary defense which traps pathogens and prevents infection from spreading
5. domain that is not known to cause disease in humans
7. virus which reduces the production of antibodies, to increase the host's risk of developing infection. mechanism via breastfeeding, blood tranfusion, etc.
8. the cells that bind to the antigen on phagocytes to become activated
11. glycoproteins on the cell's surface to help identify self or nonself
13. immune system which develops over time, becomes specific to antigens
14. enzyme which breaks bacteria cell wall/peptidoglycan
16. immune system which responds generally to pathogens, cannot recognise pathogens as specific species of bacteria
18. the ability to eliminate an infectious disease from the body