Canterbury Exam 4 Review

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Across
  1. 4. A pulmonary embolus blocks blood flow to ventilated alveoli. Which component of gas exchange is directly reduced: ventilation or perfusion?
  2. 7. A person cannot properly absorb vitamin B12 because a required gastric secretion is missing. Which secretion is missing? Enter two words without spaces.
  3. 8. Damage to which gastric cells would reduce both hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor secretion? _____ cells.
  4. 10. H2 blockers reduce stomach acid secretion by blocking receptors for which messenger?
  5. 12. Partially digested proteins stimulate G cells to release which hormone that increases gastric secretion?
  6. 13. What is the physiological term for swallowing?
  7. 18. You smell a meal before taking your first bite, and gastric secretion increases. Which phase of gastric regulation is occurring?
  8. 19. If CO2 accumulates because of inadequate ventilation, the resulting fall in blood pH produces respiratory _____.
  9. 23. Which sphincter regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum? _____ sphincter.
  10. 24. Asthma reduces airflow reaching alveoli. Which component of gas exchange is directly reduced: ventilation or perfusion?
  11. 26. After a meal, which autonomic division generally stimulates digestive secretion and motility?
  12. 27. Which protein transports most oxygen in the blood?
  13. 28. Intestinal contents need mixing rather than forward propulsion. Which muscular movement performs this function?
  14. 30. Acidic, fatty chyme enters the duodenum and triggers feedback that slows gastric activity. Which phase is occurring?
  15. 32. If prolonged hyperventilation removes excessive CO2, the resulting rise in blood pH produces respiratory _____.
  16. 33. What term describes how tightly hemoglobin binds oxygen?
  17. 34. How many oxygen molecules can one fully occupied hemoglobin molecule carry?
  18. 35. Which salivary enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion before food reaches the stomach?
Down
  1. 1. A person breathes too slowly or shallowly to remove enough CO2. What breathing pattern is this?
  2. 2. Chewing and stomach churning physically break food apart during _____ digestion.
  3. 3. Oxygen crosses from alveolar air into blood by moving down its partial-pressure gradient through what process?
  4. 5. When tissue PO2 falls, does hemoglobin favor oxygen loading or unloading?
  5. 6. In warm, acidic, metabolically active tissues (exercising, for example), hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen _____.
  6. 8. Once activated, which gastric enzyme begins digesting proteins?
  7. 9. During exercise, working muscles become warmer and produce more CO2 and H+. In which direction does the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shift?
  8. 11. Food enters and stretches the stomach, activating reflexes that increase secretion. Which phase is occurring?
  9. 14. What effect describes increased oxygen release from hemoglobin when CO2 and acidity increase?
  10. 15. Which gastric cells release the inactive protein-digesting enzyme precursor pepsinogen? _____ cells.
  11. 16. A swallowed bolus must move toward the stomach. Which wave-like muscular process propels it?
  12. 17. When blood encounters the high PO2 of the lungs, does hemoglobin favor oxygen loading or unloading?
  13. 20. Enzymes break food’s chemical bonds during _____ digestion.
  14. 21. During a fight-or-flight response, which autonomic division generally inhibits digestive activity?
  15. 22. What inactive precursor is converted into pepsin after secretion into the stomach?
  16. 25. Nutrients have been digested but still must cross the intestinal wall into blood or lymph. What process must occur next?
  17. 29. Most CO2 entering blood from tissues is ultimately transported as which ion?
  18. 31. What term describes a low blood oxygen level?