Cardiac Disorders

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Across
  1. 2. this inflammatory disease process commonly follows significant cardiac events, especially myocardial infarction and may present a pericardial friction rub upon auscultation of heart sounds.
  2. 5. diagnostic test used to evaluate cardiac structures including chambers and valves.
  3. 7. infants experiencing tetralogy of fallot present with __________________ due to shunting of unoxygented blood that is pumped to the body.
  4. 9. blood pressure = cardiac output x ____________________________
  5. 12. this type of shock occurs when a client loses a significant amount of blood volume, either internally or externally
  6. 13. abbreviation for a myocardial infarction involving ST elevation.
  7. 17. this type of heart failure occurs when the left ventricle fails, manifests as crackles, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, fatigue, tachycardia, weakness, etc.
  8. 18. these clients experience vegetations of microbes on heart valves and should receive prophylactic antibiotics before any dental or respiratory procedures or surgery.
  9. 19. during systole, these valves are open to facilitate ejection of blood to the pulmonary artery or aorta.
  10. 21. clients with atrial dysrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter are at increased risk of thrombi/emboli due to blood _____________ in the atria.
  11. 22. fever, smoking, pain, pregnancy, stress, and exercise are factors that _____________ heart rate.
  12. 24. heart rate x stroke volume =
  13. 26. dysrhythmia that occurs when the heart rate exceeds 100 bpm.
  14. 28. clients with hypertension often present ________________ due to the body’s ability to compensate until a significant amount of vascular damage occurs.
  15. 30. gold standard diagnostic blood test used to evaluate myocardial damage during a myocardial infarction.
  16. 31. clients with any type of shock with present with ________________ blood pressure.
  17. 32. beta-adrenergic receptors are activated as part of the ______________ nervous system, which increases heart rate and cardiac contractility
  18. 34. provides twelve various “pictures” of the conduction of the heart, vital part of assessment for clients with angina pectoris.
  19. 35. presence of a u wave on ECG is indicative of this electrolyte imbalance.
  20. 36. clients with spinal cord injuries may experience this type of shock.
  21. 37. this type of shock occurs in clients who experience a severe reaction to an allergen; presents with wheezing/stridor, urticaria, pruritis; a medical emergency.
Down
  1. 1. the area of the cardiac cycle that is altered with atrial dysrhythmias such as atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation.
  2. 3. the most common cause of myocardial infarction
  3. 4. tachycardia; cool, pale, moist skin; thirst; oliguria, and increased respirations occur during this phase of shock.
  4. 6. the area of the brain responsible for cardiac control
  5. 8. in the cardiac cycle, this represents depolarization of the ventricles.
  6. 10. early signs of shock include anxiety and _______________________
  7. 11. the maximum amount of blood in the ventricles during diastole.
  8. 14. Deviations from normal cardiac rate or rhythm, caused by electrolyte abnormalities, fever, hypoxia, stress, etc., results in decreased cardiac output.
  9. 15. this type of heart failure occurs as a result of left-sided heart failure or a pulmonary condition, typically manifests as JVD, anasarca, ascites, hepatomegaly, etc.
  10. 16. this type of angina is non-predictable, pressure or crushing pain, is not alleviated by rest or nitro and typically precedes a myocardial infarction.
  11. 20. failure of complete valve closure, permits backward flow of blood requiring additional force to maintain cardiac output
  12. 23. dysrhythmia that occurs when the heart rate is less than 60 bpm.
  13. 25. during diastole, these valves are open to allow the ventricles to fill.
  14. 27. clients with pericarditis experience chest that is worse with _____________________; to alleviate pain, the client should be instructed to sit upright and lean forward.
  15. 29. this sound is heard upon auscultation over incompetent or diseased valves.
  16. 33. narrowing of valve opening, prevents forward flow of blood requiring additional force to push blood through the valve opening.