Cardiovascular

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Across
  1. 4. normal intrinsic firing rate without stimulation (such as that from the SA node) is 40-60 times/minute (2)
  2. 6. large vein that receives blood from the lower extremities, pelvis and abdomen and delivers it to the right atrium (3)
  3. 9. tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area
  4. 11. chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles
  5. 13. Period of ventricular relaxation
  6. 15. carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs (2)
  7. 18. the muscular layer of the heart
  8. 20. a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage
  9. 21. transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart (2)
  10. 23. valve has three flaps (leaflets) that open and close, allowing blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
  11. 24. It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong connective tissue, and an inner layer made of serous membrane
  12. 25. Painful raised erythematous lesions found on pads of fingers and toes (2)
  13. 26. the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart
Down
  1. 1. Period of ventricular contraction
  2. 2. large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to other parts of the body
  3. 3. a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism
  4. 5. shortness of breath or difficulty breathing when lying down
  5. 7. a valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
  6. 8. the cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum, which is not attached to any ribs, and gradually ossifies during adult life (2)
  7. 10. Painless red spot/lesions which blanch on pressure on the thenar/hypothenar eminences of the palms and soles of the feet
  8. 12. the build up of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls
  9. 14. upper chamber of the heart
  10. 16. Often described as the pacemaker of the heart (2)
  11. 17. the broad upper part of the sternum. It has a quadrangular shape, narrowing from the top, which gives it four borders
  12. 19. a valve that lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
  13. 22. lower chambers of the heart