Cardiovascular System

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445
Across
  1. 2. the blood volume (in liters) ejected per minute by each ventricle.
  2. 5. an abnormal, excessively rapid heart rate; over 100 beats per minute.
  3. 7. a vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
  4. 8. outermost layer of blood vessel walls made of fibrous connective tissue.
  5. 14. system of blood vessels that carries nutrient- and oxygen-rich blood to all body organs.
  6. 18. two valves set between the atria and ventricles to prevent backflow; includes the mitral (bicuspid) on the left and the tricuspid on the right.
  7. 22. the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall.
  8. 23. the modified cardiac muscle fibers of the conduction system of the heart that carry impulses to the myocardium.
  9. 26. the middle layer of blood vessel walls containing smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
  10. 28. the membranous sac enveloping the heart.
  11. 29. a small vein.
  12. 30. of relaxation of the heart during which it fills with blood.
  13. 31. the broad, posterosuperior aspect of the heart where large vessels enter or leave the heart
  14. 33. large vein that carries blood from veins superior to the diaphragm back to the right atrium.
  15. 35. innermost layer of the serous pericardium that lines the surface of the heart, also called epicardium.
  16. 37. system of blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange.
  17. 38. organ system that distributes blood to all parts of the body.
  18. 40. minute artery
  19. 41. a vessel carrying blood away from the tissues toward the heart.
  20. 42. cava large vein that carries blood from veins inferior to the diaphragm back to the right atrium.
  21. 43. the pressure generated by the left ventricle during systole.
  22. 44. the pressure exerted by blood against the inner walls of blood vessels.
  23. 45. a volume of blood ejected by a ventricle during systole.
Down
  1. 1. enlarged vessel that receives blood from the cardiac veins and empties into the right atrium.
  2. 3. the fluid between the cells
  3. 4. veins that drain the myocardium and empty into the coronary sinus.
  4. 6. the endothelial membrane lining the interior of the heart.
  5. 9. the innermost lining of blood vessels made of endothelium on a basement membrane; the only layer forming a capillary wall.
  6. 10. visceral layer of a serous membrane that tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is actually part of the heart wall
  7. 11. double-layered serous membrane deep to the fibrous pericardium; the layers secrete serous fluid to reduce friction as the heart beats.
  8. 12. tendinous chords that anchor the flaps of the closed AV valves to prevent inversion and backflow of blood.
  9. 13. the region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that houses the heart.
  10. 15. the resistance to blood flow offered by the systemic blood vessels; a measure of the amount of friction encountered by blood.
  11. 16. the mass of specialized myocardial cells in the wall of the right atrium
  12. 17. the arterial blood pressure during ventricular relaxation (diastole).
  13. 19. outermost layer of the serous pericardium that lines the interior surface of the fibrous pericardium.
  14. 20. valves that prevent blood return to the ventricles after contraction
  15. 21. discharging chambers of the heart
  16. 23. a leakage of fluid into the air sacs and tissue of the lungs.
  17. 24. a vessel that directly connects the arteriole and venule of a capillary bed.
  18. 25. loose-fitting sac surrounding the heart that anchors the heart to surrounding structures.
  19. 27. a local decrease in blood supply.
  20. 32. the major systemic artery; arises from the left ventricle of the heart.
  21. 34. arteries that branch off the aorta and supply the myocardium.
  22. 36. the contraction phase of heart activity.
  23. 37. large artery connecting the right ventricle with the pulmonary arteries.
  24. 39. slow heart rate, usually defined as a rate under 60 beats per minute.