Cardiovascular System Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 6. the arterial blood pressure during ventricular relaxation (diastole).
  2. 8. innermost layer of the serous pericardium that lines the surface of the heart, also called epicardium.
  3. 15. the membranous sac enveloping the heart.
  4. 16. a vessel carrying blood away from the tissues toward the heart.
  5. 17. an abnormal, excessively rapid heart rate; over 100 beats per minute.
  6. 21. visceral layer of a serous membrane that tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is actually part of the heart wall
  7. 23. the major systemic artery; arises from the left ventricle of the heart.
  8. 27. a leakage of fluid into the air sacs and tissue of the lungs.
  9. 29. minute artery
  10. 31. the contraction phase of heart activity.
  11. 32. arteries that branch off the aorta and supply the myocardium.
  12. 38. slow heart rate, usually defined as a rate under 60 beats per minute.
  13. 39. veins that drain the myocardium and empty into the coronary sinus.
  14. 40. enlarged vessel that receives blood from the cardiac veins and empties into the right atrium.
  15. 41. a vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
  16. 42. discharging chambers of the heart
  17. 43. the innermost lining of blood vessels made of endothelium on a basement membrane; the only layer forming a capillary wall.
  18. 44. the middle layer of blood vessel walls containing smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
  19. 45. the resistance to blood flow offered by the systemic blood vessels; a measure of the amount of friction encountered by blood.
  20. 46. the mass of specialized myocardial cells in the wall of the right atrium
  21. 47. system of blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange.
Down
  1. 1. the region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that houses the heart.
  2. 2. a small vein.
  3. 3. the pressure generated by the left ventricle during systole.
  4. 4. the pressure exerted by blood against the inner walls of blood vessels.
  5. 5. valves that prevent blood return to the ventricles after contraction
  6. 7. large vein that carries blood from veins superior to the diaphragm back to the right atrium.
  7. 9. the endothelial membrane lining the interior of the heart.
  8. 10. the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall.
  9. 11. system of blood vessels that carries nutrient- and oxygen-rich blood to all body organs.
  10. 12. outermost layer of blood vessel walls made of fibrous connective tissue.
  11. 13. tendinous chords that anchor the flaps of the closed AV valves to prevent inversion and backflow of blood.
  12. 14. the modified cardiac muscle fibers of the conduction system of the heart that carry impulses to the myocardium.
  13. 18. two valves set between the atria and ventricles to prevent backflow; includes the mitral (bicuspid) on the left and the tricuspid on the right.
  14. 19. large vein that carries blood from veins inferior to the diaphragm back to the right atrium.
  15. 20. double-layered serous membrane deep to the fibrous pericardium; the layers secrete serous fluid to reduce friction as the heart beats.
  16. 22. a local decrease in blood supply.
  17. 24. loose-fitting sac surrounding the heart that anchors the heart to surrounding structures.
  18. 25. organ system that distributes blood to all parts of the body.
  19. 26. the fluid between the cells
  20. 28. large artery connecting the right ventricle with the pulmonary arteries.
  21. 30. outermost layer of the serous pericardium that lines the interior surface of the fibrous pericardium.
  22. 33. a vessel that directly connects the arteriole and venule of a capillary bed.
  23. 34. the broad, posterosuperior aspect of the heart where large vessels enter or leave the heart
  24. 35. of relaxation of the heart during which it fills with blood.
  25. 36. a volume of blood ejected by a ventricle during systole.
  26. 37. the blood volume (in liters) ejected per minute by each ventricle.