Carter Kohnen W.H. Bonus

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Across
  1. 3. Although he was killed in the Philippines, this explorer is celebrated because his remaining crew became the first people to sail completely around the globe.
  2. 4. United by advanced firearms, armor, and determination, these Spanish explorers and conquerors successfully colonized the Americas.
  3. 5. To grow sugar, tobacco, and cotton in the Americas, European colonists established large agricultural estates known as __________, which relied heavily on enslaved labor.
  4. 8. A document sold by the Catholic Church that was believed to release the buyer from all or part of the punishment for sin.
  5. 11. This Portuguese explorer successfully rounded the tip of Africa and sailed directly to India, securing a highly profitable spice route for his country.
  6. 14. A form of government developed in ancient Rome where the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote for representatives.
  7. 15. This Renaissance "Renaissance Man" was a master painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician, famous for painting the Mona Lisa.
  8. 16. The intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history.
  9. 18. King __________ VIII established the Church of England primarily because the Pope refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
  10. 21. The massive exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Old and New Worlds following 1492 is known as the __________ Exchange.
  11. 22. This wealthy and powerful banking family ran the government of Florence from behind the scenes and used their fortune to lavishly patronize Renaissance artists.
  12. 23. To establish a colony or commercial monopoly in the Americas, European monarchs usually granted a written document known as a __________.
  13. 24. Originating in the Roman province of Judea, this major world religion spread throughout the Roman Empire and eventually became the official religion, significantly shaping Western civilization.
  14. 25. The Spanish conquistador who marched into the heart of the Aztec Empire and overthrew the king Montezuma.
Down
  1. 1. Believing he could reach Asia by sailing west, this explorer instead made landfall in the Caribbean, opening up the Americas to European settlement.
  2. 2. John Calvin's core theological belief that God has already determined long ago who will be saved and who will be damned.
  3. 6. Queen Isabella granted Spanish settlers a system called __________, which allowed them to use Native Americans as laborers, though it often led to brutal abuse.
  4. 7. In the Renaissance social structure, the middle class made up of shopkeepers, artisans, and guild masters were known as __________.
  5. 9. The Renaissance author of The Prince, who famously argued that a political leader must be willing to do whatever is necessary to keep power, even if it is considered evil.
  6. 10. Unlike many ancient empires that practiced polytheism, Judaism introduced a strict belief in one God called __________.
  7. 12. This German monk started the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg.
  8. 13. The ancient Greek city-state known for its highly disciplined, militaristic society, which stood in sharp contrast to the democratic system of its rival city.
  9. 17. The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas, notorious for its brutal and deadly conditions, was called the __________ Passage.
  10. 19. This radical Protestant group strongly advocated for the complete separation of church and state and refused to bear arms.
  11. 20. Meaning "rebirth," this period in European history marked a massive revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman art, architecture, and learning.