Cell Chemistry

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Across
  1. 3. a gas that animals need to live and that plants give off into the air
  2. 4. process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
  3. 6. organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
  4. 9. the state energy is in, ex. chemical bonds in sugars, electrical impulses in the nervous system, potential energy from a rock on a cliff, the state energy is in, ex. chemical bonds in sugars, electrical impulses in the nervous system, potential energy from a rock on a cliff
  5. 13. what you put into a production process to achieve an output
  6. 15. the energy produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles
  7. 17. simple forms of fat that supply energy fuel for most of the body's cells
  8. 19. a value that indicated the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0-14, based on the proportion of H+ ions.
  9. 20. the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
  10. 21. one of the principle chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy
  11. 22. to control or direct by some particular method
  12. 24. The capacity or power to do work, such as the capacity to move an object (of a given mass) by the application of force. Energy can exist in a variety of forms
  13. 28. a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
  14. 32. measured on the pH scale-concentration of H+
  15. 34. diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
  16. 35. process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
  17. 37. Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1.
  18. 38. Monomer: glucose, fructose, monosaccharides Polymers: Starch, carbohydrates
  19. 39. force the combination of all forces acting on an object
  20. 40. a substance in food that provides energy or helps form body tissues and that is necessary for life and growth.
  21. 42. reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
  22. 45. energy rich type foods like butter that provide lasting enery for the body. Stores more energy than carbohydrates
  23. 46. A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements or parts that function together as a whole to accomplish a goal.
  24. 48. A rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire
  25. 51. when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution
Down
  1. 1. macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes
  2. 2. any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
  3. 5. what comes in and out of the body
  4. 7. (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others
  5. 8. shortening or development of tension in muscle tissue
  6. 10. an input-output relationship that has exactly one output for each input
  7. 11. double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes, structure of membrane, two sheets of lipid molcules with tails pointed inward, proteins embedded in bilayer (serve as channels) along with carbohydrate molecules (id markers - recognition)
  8. 12. To pass or cause to pass into solution.
  9. 14. (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
  10. 16. energy losses between trophic levels include material not consumed or material not assimilated and heat loss through cell respiration
  11. 18. is a process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight.
  12. 23. process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
  13. 25. green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis
  14. 26. the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
  15. 27. Two layers of phospholipids that make up the cell membrane.
  16. 29. The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
  17. 30. inflow may be less than outflow, or vice versa
  18. 31. that part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction
  19. 33. to get
  20. 35. The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
  21. 36. (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight, a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
  22. 41. the smallest particle (one or more atoms) of a substance that has all the properties of that substance
  23. 42. The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood
  24. 43. gas that is a reactant of photosynthesis and a waste product of cellular respiration CO2.
  25. 44. Simple forms of protein normally used to build tissues or, under some conditions, burned for energy. 20 amino acids are the building blocks of protein
  26. 47. having the shape of a sphere or ball
  27. 49. the greatest possible degree of something
  28. 50. to soak up or take in