Cell Communication

2. endocrine signaling (hormone movement)
7. autoimmune disease/allergic reaction that reacts poorly to gluten; the immune system causes inflammation which causes tight junctions to break
8. stimulates nearby target cells to grow and divide; a part of local signaling
11. small chemical messengers can readily cross the membrane and activate receptors; steroid/thyroid hormones of animals
14. transcription factors turn on what?
17. long-distance, hormonal signaling, exocytosis
18. programmed cell death
19. the _______________ molecule in the signaling pathway may function as a transcription factor
20. 3rd step of cell signaling; the transduced signal triggers a specific response in the target cell
22. cell communicate by sending chemical messages with short or long distance
23. receptor proteins found in either the cytoplasm or nucleus of target cells

1. an activate hormone receptor can act as a __________.
3. 2nd step of cell signaling; the signal molecule alters the receptor and initiates a signal transduction pathway
4. where one cell recognizes another cell, which causes a cascade effect
5. channels that perforate through plant cell walls
6. what organ is an example of where gap junctions can be found?
9. provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells; membrane proteins from adjacent cells line up to form a channel
10. anchoring junctions; not involved in the communication of cells
12. signals are usually proteins; at each step, a signal is transduced into a different shape
13. 1st step of cell signaling; target cells detect a signaling molecule that binds to a receptor protein on the target cell's surface
15. animal and plant cells have cell communications that directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
16. membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
21. transfers phosphates from ATP to protein (a process called dephosphorylation)