Cell Culture

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Across
  1. 3. this is the process by which prokaryotic, eukaryotic or plant cells are grown under controlled conditions. But in practice it also refers to the culturing of cells derived from animal cells.
  2. 5. the last one of the cultures of animal cells that are usually divided into 3 classes and are cells in a cell strain that undergo a transformation process (spontaneous or induced changes in karyotype, morphology or growth properties) that makes them "immortal“ (able to divide indefinitely).
  3. 6. this is the general name for the removal of cells, tissues or organs from an animal or plant and their subsequent placement into artificial environment conductive to growth.
  4. 8. these are cell lines which have a limited life span and go through a limited number of cell generations (usually 20-80 population doublings) are known as finite cell lines. These cell lines exhibit the property of contact inhibition, density limitation and anchorage dependence. The growth rate is slow and doubling time is around 24-96 hours.
  5. 9. this is another study that involves cell cultures where the cultivation of virus for vaccine production, also used to study there infectious cycle.
  6. 13. this is for sterility.
  7. 14. these type of cells are cells that do not attach remain in suspension with a spherical shape.
  8. 15. these are commonly used but they do grow slower and are more fragile than bacterial cells. Also have more complex nutrient requirements.
  9. 17. this one of the studies that cell culture is involved in where Studying basic cell biology, interactions between disease causing agents and cells, effects of drugs on cells, process and triggering of aging & nutritional studies.
  10. 20. this is an experimental technique that uses genes, so to treat or prevent diseases. Also this is used in cell culture for cells having a functional gene can be replaced to cells which are having non-functional gene.
  11. 23. This is the second method used by primary culture, which is more widely used and speeds up the process by adding digesting (proteolytic) enzymes such as trypsin or collagenase to the tissue fragments to dissolve the cement holding the cells together, which creates a suspension of single cells that are then placed into culture vessels containing culture medium and allowed to grow and divide.
  12. 24. these type of cells like to attached to a substrate and appears flattened and polygonal in shape.
  13. 25. these were first used to make genetically engineered products and they reproduce very quickly.
  14. 27. this is for proper atmospheric conditions.
  15. 28. these type of culturing of cells either grows as monolayer or as suspension.
Down
  1. 1. this is another study involving cell where you Study the effects of new drugs.
  2. 2. this is an essential amino acid required by virtually all mammalian cells grown in culture.
  3. 4. these type of culturing of cells are anchorage-independent e.g. blood cells.
  4. 7. another one of the cultures of animal cells that are usually divided into 3 classes and are cells that have been adapted to culture but, unlike cell lines, have a finite division potential.
  5. 10. this is for cell counting.
  6. 11. this the another study that cell culture is involved in where Studying the function of various chemicals, virus & radiation to convert normal cultured cells to cancerous cells.
  7. 12. this is one of the method used by primary culture where small pieces of tissue are attached (using plasma clots or fibrinogen) to a glass or treated plastic culture vessel and immersed in culture medium and after a few days individual cells will move from the tissue explant out onto the culture vessel surface or substrate where they will begin to divide and grow.
  8. 16. the first one of the cultures of animal cells that are usually divided into 3 classes and are cells that are surgically removed from an organism and placed into a suitable culture environment they will attach, divide and grow.
  9. 18. this refers to the direct manipulation of DNA by altering an organism’s characteristics, like the phenotype, in a way. Also used in cell culture for production of commercial proteins, large scale production of viruses for use in vaccine production e.g. polio, rabies, chicken pox, hepatitis B & measles.
  10. 19. this is for viewing cells on hemocytometer.
  11. 21. these are cell lines that grow for a limited number of generations after which they ceases cell lines which either occur spontaneously or induced virally or chemically transformed.
  12. 22. these type of culturing of cells must adhere to a surface to survive, Form monolayers, e.g. cells derived from different tissue (breast, liver), Growth is limited by surface area, Will cease proliferating once they become confluent (completely cover the surface of cell culture vessel) and Cells are dissociated enzymatically or mechanically from surface.
  13. 26. these type of cells like to attached to an substrate appears elongated and bipolar.