Cell cycle

1. Cells containing two copies of every chromosome.
6. G1, G2, and spindle assembly points that monitor for DNA damage and proper chromosome alignment.
8. Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
10. The final stage; cytoplasm divides, creating two distinct, genetically identical diploid cells.
12. Chromatids arrive at poles; nuclear envelopes reform.

2. Chromosomes condense; nuclear envelope breaks down.
3. The longest stage (approx. 90% of cycle) where the cell grows, carries out functions, and prepares for division.
4. Chromosomes align at the equator, attached to spindle fibers.
5. Division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei, containing four phases:
7. Phase in which DNA replication occurs; each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids.
9. Chemical signals that trigger the transition between phases.
11. Results from uncontrolled cell division, often due to mutation in genes regulating the cell cycle.