Cell Specialisation

5. The passive movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
8. A layer of cells in the leaf adapted for photosynthesis, containing many chloroplasts.
9. The process through which unspecialised cells become specialised in structure and function.
11. The organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.
15. A type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system, involved in targeting specific pathogens.
19. Cells that surround the stomata and control their opening and closing.
21. The process by which cells develop specific structures and functions to perform particular tasks.
22. A protective glycoprotein layer surrounding the egg cell.
24. Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that combine during fertilisation to form a zygote.
25. The pressure exerted by water inside a plant cell that helps maintain the plant's structure.
26. The shape of red blood cells that increases their surface area for efficient oxygen exchange.
28. An extension of a root cell that increases surface area for water and mineral absorption.
29. The process by which cells, especially white blood cells, engulf and digest foreign particles or pathogens.

1. The process by which plants convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
2. A nucleus divided into several lobes, typical of certain white blood cells like neutrophils.
3. The protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it to the tissues.
4. The liquid found in the vacuole of a plant cell, containing water, sugars, salts, and other dissolved substances.
6. A specialised structure within a cell that performs a specific function (e.g., mitochondria, nucleus).
7. A cell containing half the normal number of chromosomes, typical of gametes.
10. A cap-like structure on the head of a sperm cell that contains enzymes to help it penetrate the egg.
12. The measure of how much exposed area a cell or structure has, important for processes like absorption.
13. A whip-like tail found on sperm cells, enabling movement.
14. Organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
16. Cells that have not yet developed a specific role or function in the body.
17. Small openings on the surface of a leaf that allow gas exchange (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide).
18. A microorganism, such as a virus or bacterium, that can cause disease.
20. A molecule that stores and provides energy for many cellular processes.
23. A layer of cells that surrounds the egg and provides it with nutrients.
27. Red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.