Cell Structure & Function

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Across
  1. 4. A collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier; basic unit of all forms of life. (7-1)
  2. 8. A cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down or digest certain materials in the cell. (7-2)
  3. 9. An organelle found in certain plant cells & green algae that uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis. (7-2)
  4. 13. The gelatinous material inside the cell membrane—but not including the nucleus. (7-1)
  5. 15. Organisms whose cells contain nuclei; all animals, plants, fungi, and protists. (7-1)
  6. 18. 1 of the 4 major classes of tissue which may be found lining the outer or inner surface of a gland or organ. (7-4)
  7. 20. tiny, hairlike organelles that are identical in structure to flagella and function in the movement of cells or materials outside of the cell.
  8. 24. A cell organelle that releases energy from stored food molecules; the generator of the cell. (7-2)
  9. 26. When large, solid particles are taken into the cell by endocytosis.(7-3)
  10. 27. A small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of ribosomes begins. (7-2)
  11. 32. A single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus; all bacteria (7-1)
  12. 34. Molecules such as glucose that cannot cross the cell membrane's lipid bilayer directly move through proteins channels instead via this method. (7-3)
  13. 36. Last name of the Scottish scientist that in 1831 first identified the nucleus of a cell.
  14. 37. group of organs that work together to perform a specific function (7-4)
  15. 38. The double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. (7-2)
  16. 39. A long, thin fiber that functions in the movement and support of the cell. (7-2)
  17. 40. tiny, cylindrical organelles near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
  18. 44. Last name of the German scientist that concluded, after years of research, that all animals where made of cells.
  19. 47. It is the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane. (7-3)
  20. 48. The granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins. (7-2)
  21. 49. The process in which a cell engulfs large amounts of a liquid via endocytosis. (7-3)
  22. 50. A type of excitable tissue which can shorten forcibly in order to move another body part or substance. (7-4)
  23. 51. When material moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of greater concentration at the cost of extra cellular energy; or when large amounts of substances are moved into or out of the cell. (7-3)
  24. 52. An organelle containing enzymes that help to break down chemicals like hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. (7-2)
  25. 55. An internal membrane system in cells in which components of the cell membrane (phospholipids) are synthesized, calcium is stored (muscle cells), alcohol is broken down, etc. (7-2)
  26. 56. A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell; mitochondria, ribosomes, etc. (7-1)
  27. 57. Last name of the German physician that concluded in 1855 that "where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell.
  28. 58. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. (7-3)
Down
  1. 1. The removal of large amounts of material from a cell; the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell. (7-3)
  2. 2. Any pigment containing organelle within plant cells: chromo-, leuco-, and chloro-. (7-2)
  3. 3. A hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and can also serve as a "track" along which organelles are moved. (7-2)
  4. 5. The term that describes the fact that the cell membrane, "nonpolar tails" in the middle of the lipid bilayer are repelled by water.
  5. 6. A strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria. (7-1)
  6. 7. he last name of the American biologist that suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are actually the descendants of ancient prokaryotes.
  7. 10. A double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes
  8. 11. group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions (7-4)
  9. 12. A solution that has a greater concentration of solute (sugar, salt, etc.) which causes water to move via osmosis into it. (7-3)
  10. 14. The term that describes the fact that the cell membrane, "polar heads" on the outside and inside of the lipid bilayer are attracted to water.
  11. 16. A stack of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins to prepare them for being shipped out of the cell. (7-2)
  12. 17. separate roles for each type of cell in multicellular organisms (7-4)
  13. 19. In cells, large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities. (7-1)
  14. 20. The network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement. (7-2)
  15. 21. Because some substances can pass across a biological membrane and others cannot it is called . (7-3)
  16. 22. A double-layered sheet at the core of nearly all cell membranes; (7-3)
  17. 23. When molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. (7-3)
  18. 25. group of similar cells that perform a particular function (7-4)
  19. 28. The idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells. (7-1)
  20. 29. A solution that has a lower concentration of solute (sugar, salt, etc.) which causes water to move via osmosis away from it. (7-3)
  21. 30. The mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume. (7-3)
  22. 31. Any type of movement of materials into or out of a cell that does not require cellular energy; diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. (7-3)
  23. 33. Last name of the English physicist that in 1665 used one of the first light microscopes to look at cork (plant) cells; he coined the term "cells."
  24. 35. A thin, flexible barrier around all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. (7-1)
  25. 41. A small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein. (7-2)
  26. 42. A type of excitable tissue which sends & receives information from other structures in the body. (7-4)
  27. 43. The threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. (7-2)
  28. 45. A cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates; particularly large in plant cells. (7-2)
  29. 46. 1 of the 4 major classes of tissue which often helps to bind and support other tissues and often has fibers between its cells. Examples include blood, bone, tendons, ligaments, & cartilage. (7-4)
  30. 53. Last name of the German botanist that concluded, after years of research, that all plants where made of cells.
  31. 54. An internal membrane system in cells in which some proteins are modified; contains attached ribosomes. (7-2)