Cells CW 1

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Across
  1. 4. – a small structure that can store food (leucoplast) or pigment (chromoplast).
  2. 7. explanation based on scientific knowledge resulting from several observations and experiments
  3. 9. one or more sugar molecules
  4. 10. diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane
  5. 12. long chain of amino acid molecules
  6. 14. reaction used to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low
  7. 19. – a bundle of microtubules that helps organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
  8. 20. – a small body in the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesized.
  9. 22. – a jelly-like substance, composed mainly of water, occupying most of the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
  10. 23. living things are made of one or more cells; the cell is the smallest unit of life; new cells come from preexisting cells
  11. 24. – the outermost layer of a bacterial cell that prevents harmful materials from entering, keeps the cell from drying out, and protects the bacterial cell from the immune cells of other organisms.
  12. 26. – a small sac, or vesicle, that contains digestive chemicals
  13. 28. when molecules pass through a cell membrane using transport proteins
  14. 29. – a small, circular piece of DNA separate from the genetic material in the nucleoid of a bacterial cell. Plasmids often contain genes that provide an advantage to the cell, like antibiotic resistance.
  15. 31. – a hair-like organelle that helps a cell move.
  16. 32. – a small, sac-like package of nutrients, proteins, or water created by the Golgi apparatus. Types of vesicles include vacuoles and lysosomes.
  17. 33. large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water
  18. 34. – a region inside a bacterial cell that contains genetic material. Unlike in plant and animal cells, the nucleoid in bacteria is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
  19. 36. – a round body in the center of the cell that contains DNA and regulates gene expression.
  20. 37. transport movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell’s energy
  21. 39. purpose for which something is used
  22. 40. series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into ATP
  23. 41. – a double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.
  24. 42. process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell
Down
  1. 1. – an organelle that uses oxygen to convert nutrients into energy that can be used by the cell.
  2. 2. – a stack of membranes that collects, modifies, and packages chemical compounds.
  3. 3. series of reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into glucose and give off oxygen
  4. 5. process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane
  5. 6. – a double-layered membrane that surrounds the cell. Also called the plasma membrane, it regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
  6. 8. – a type of vesicle that stores water, nutrients, and other chemicals. The large vacuole found in plant cells helps the cells maintain their shape.
  7. 11. – a cell structure that performs a specific function.
  8. 13. – an organelle that converts the radiant energy of the Sun into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
  9. 15. – a tiny structure where proteins are synthesized
  10. 16. process by which glucose is broken down
  11. 17. – the rigid, porous outer layer of a plant cell.
  12. 18. outer covering
  13. 21. – filaments, including actin, microtubules, and microfilaments, that aid in cell movement and give the cell its shape.
  14. 25. movement of substances through a cell membrane without using energy
  15. 27. movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
  16. 30. – a hair-like structure that helps bacterial cells adhere to surfaces. Some pili are able to transfer genetic material to other cells.
  17. 35. – a network of passageways in which chemical compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported.
  18. 38. substance that forms by joining many small molecules
  19. 41. macromolecule that forms when a long chain of nucleotides join together