Cells CW 2

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Across
  1. 2. an organelle that converts the radiant energy of the Sun into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
  2. 7. a small body in the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesized.
  3. 8. a simple sugar that serves as the major energy source for all cellular processes.
  4. 11. series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into ATP
  5. 12. The chemical process in which carbon dioxide and water combine, using energy from the Sun, to make sugar and oxygen.
  6. 13. a small, circular piece of DNA separate from the genetic material in the nucleoid of a bacterial cell. Plasmids often contain genes that provide an advantage to the cell, like antibiotic resistance.
  7. 20. the rigid, porous outer layer of a plant cell.
  8. 22. living things are made of one or more cells; the cell is the smallest unit of life; new cells come from preexisting cells
  9. 24. made of many cells
  10. 30. a tiny structure where proteins are synthesized
  11. 31. a cell structure that performs a specific function.
  12. 32. a hair-like structure that helps bacterial cells adhere to surfaces. Some pili are able to transfer genetic material to other cells.
  13. 35. adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that provides energy for cellular respiration
  14. 36. a double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.
  15. 40. a double-layered membrane that surrounds the cell. Also called the plasma membrane, it regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
  16. 41. a round body in the center of the cell that contains DNA and regulates gene expression.
Down
  1. 1. an organelle that uses oxygen to convert nutrients into energy that can be used by the cell.
  2. 2. The chemical process in which stored energy is broken down so it can be used by an organism to survive when there is no food source available.
  3. 3. made of one cell
  4. 4. a region inside a bacterial cell that contains genetic material. Unlike in plant and animal cells, the nucleoid in bacteria is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
  5. 5. Genetic material that holds information for making more cells.
  6. 6. a small structure that can store food (leucoplast) or pigment (chromoplast).
  7. 9. a process by which glucose is partially broken down into pyruvic acid without the use of oxygen
  8. 10. The basic unit of all living things.
  9. 14. a chemical process that does not use oxygen
  10. 15. a small sac, or vesicle, that contains digestive chemicals
  11. 16. a hair-like organelle that helps a cell move.
  12. 17. a stack of membranes that collects, modifies, and packages chemical compounds.
  13. 18. series of reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into glucose and give off oxygen
  14. 19. a green pigment inside chloroplasts that converts light energy into a chemical form the plant can use
  15. 21. a network of passageways in which chemical compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported.
  16. 23. the outermost layer of a bacterial cell that prevents harmful materials from entering, keeps the cell from drying out, and protects the bacterial cell from the immune cells of other organisms.
  17. 25. energy that is released or absorbed in chemical reactions
  18. 26. A nonliving protective shell with genetic material inside of it.
  19. 27. energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation
  20. 28. a type of vesicle that stores water, nutrients, and other chemicals. The large vacuole found in plant cells helps the cells maintain their shape.
  21. 29. a small, sac-like package of nutrients, proteins, or water created by the Golgi apparatus. Types of vesicles include vacuoles and lysosomes.
  22. 33. filaments, including actin, microtubules, and microfilaments, that aid in cell movement and give the cell its shape.
  23. 34. a bundle of microtubules that helps organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
  24. 37. a jelly-like substance, composed mainly of water, occupying most of the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
  25. 38. a chemical process in which oxygen is used
  26. 39. A type of single-celled organism found almost everywhere on Earth.