Cells Part 1 Vocab

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Across
  1. 1. site location on the enzyme where the substrate connects
  2. 3. Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
  3. 5. Physical Description: A jellylike substance. Function: contains dissolved nutrients and surrounds all of the organelles
  4. 7. anything that speeds up a chemical reaction
  5. 9. ER Physical Description: interconnected network of folded membranes studded with ribosomes. Function: production of proteins occurs on the surface and inside
  6. 10. ER Physical Description: interconnected network of folded membranes WITHOUT ribosomes. Function: production of lipids occurs on the inside and breaks down drugs and alcohol
  7. 12. repelled by water
  8. 14. transport Movement of molecules without using any of the cell's energy (from an area of high concentration to low concentration)
  9. 16. substances made by a chemical reaction, found on the right side of the equation
  10. 21. Transport Moves molecules across a membrane from low concentration to high concentration
  11. 24. one single unit
  12. 26. Solution the solution has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell (Water molecules move into and out of the cell at an equal rate)
  13. 28. attracted to water
  14. 30. permeable Allows some but not all materials to cross, Helps the cell maintain homeostasis (a balanced internal environment)
  15. 32. membrane Physical Description: Composed of special lipids called phospholipids, Surrounds the cell. Function: Protects the cell and allows things (nutrients, food, molecules) in and out of the cell
  16. 33. Physical Description: Made up of protein and RNA. Function: Uses messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize (make) proteins
  17. 35. bilayer composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules. Each phospholipid molecule is made up of: One hydrophilic head which is attracted to water. Two hydrophobic tails repelled by water
  18. 36. Monomer- Amino Acids. Function- Changes the rate of chemical reactions (enzymes), Building, repairing & maintenance of organelles and cells.
  19. 38. Physical Description: Only found in plants and green algae (not in animal cells), Have their own ribosomes and DNA. Function: carry out photosynthesis
  20. 40. Physical Description: Bean shaped with a double membrane, Have their own ribosomes and DNA. Function: Supply energy to the cell, using cellular respiration
  21. 41. A substance produced by living organisms that speeds up chemical reactions
  22. 43. Organism (can be single-celled or multi-celled), Has a nucleus, Has membrane bound organelles, Example: plants, animals, fungi, protists
  23. 44. Energy the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Down
  1. 2. Releases substances out of the cell
  2. 4. Theory All living things are made of cells, All cells come from preexisting cells, The cell is the basic unit of life.
  3. 6. A large molecule made of smaller molecules of the same type (monomers) linked together
  4. 8. Apparatus Physical Description: Closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed sacs. Function: Process, sort, and deliver proteins in vesicles
  5. 11. Reaction The process of rearranging the molecular structure of a substance by breaking and forming chemical bonds
  6. 13. small parts of a cell that have a specific function
  7. 15. Process of taking liquids or large molecules into a cell
  8. 17. substances changed during a chemical reaction, found on the left side of the equation
  9. 18. reactants that an enzyme acts on
  10. 19. Process that occurs when the active site of an enzyme changes shape (Prevents substrate from connecting to the enzyme)
  11. 20. Diffusion A form of passive transport because it requires no energy. Involves proteins to help larger molecules move across the cell membrane from high concentration to low concentration
  12. 22. Solution the solution has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than a cell (water concentration is higher inside the cell than outside)
  13. 23. acid Monomer- Nucleotides. Function- Store and transmit genetic information, protein synthesis
  14. 25. the diffusion of water across a membrane
  15. 27. Wall Physical Description: Rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane found in plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria (not in animal cells). Function: gives protection, support, and shape to the cell
  16. 29. Physical Description: Fluid filled sac found in both plant and animal cells. Function: Used for storage. Plant only: filled with watery fluid that strengthens and supports the cell
  17. 31. Physical Description: Membrane bound organelles that contain enzymes. Function: Defends cell from bacteria and viruses, Breaks down damaged or worn out cell parts
  18. 34. Microscopic single-celled organism. NO nucleus. NO membrane bound organelles (has ribosomes & DNA). Example: Bacteria
  19. 37. Physical Description: Enclosed inside nuclear envelope, which has pores allowing molecules to pass in and out. Function: Storehouse for genetic material/DNA
  20. 38. Common name- simple sugars. Monomer- monosaccharides. Function- short term, quick release energy
  21. 39. Common Name- Fats and Oils. Monomer- Fatty Acids. Function- Long term energy, Insulation, cell membranes
  22. 42. Solution The solution has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than a cell (water concentration is higher outside the cell than inside)