Cells Part 1 Vocab

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Across
  1. 3. Process that occurs when the active site of an enzyme changes shape (Prevents substrate from connecting to the enzyme)
  2. 5. repelled by water
  3. 6. Physical Description: Fluid filled sac found in both plant and animal cells. Function: Used for storage. Plant only: filled with watery fluid that strengthens and supports the cell
  4. 8. permeable Allows some but not all materials to cross, Helps the cell maintain homeostasis (a balanced internal environment)
  5. 9. the diffusion of water across a membrane
  6. 10. ER Physical Description: interconnected network of folded membranes WITHOUT ribosomes. Function: production of lipids occurs on the inside and breaks down drugs and alcohol
  7. 11. A large molecule made of smaller molecules of the same type (monomers) linked together
  8. 12. Physical Description: Only found in plants and green algae (not in animal cells), Have their own ribosomes and DNA. Function: carry out photosynthesis
  9. 17. Apparatus Physical Description: Closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed sacs. Function: Process, sort, and deliver proteins in vesicles
  10. 19. site location on the enzyme where the substrate connects
  11. 20. Diffusion A form of passive transport because it requires no energy. Involves proteins to help larger molecules move across the cell membrane from high concentration to low concentration
  12. 21. anything that speeds up a chemical reaction
  13. 22. Physical Description: Membrane bound organelles that contain enzymes. Function: Defends cell from bacteria and viruses, Breaks down damaged or worn out cell parts
  14. 26. bilayer composed of two layers of phospholipid molecules. Each phospholipid molecule is made up of: One hydrophilic head which is attracted to water. Two hydrophobic tails repelled by water
  15. 27. Microscopic single-celled organism. NO nucleus. NO membrane bound organelles (has ribosomes & DNA). Example: Bacteria
  16. 30. Wall Physical Description: Rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane found in plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria (not in animal cells). Function: gives protection, support, and shape to the cell
  17. 31. small parts of a cell that have a specific function
  18. 33. A substance produced by living organisms that speeds up chemical reactions
  19. 35. ER Physical Description: interconnected network of folded membranes studded with ribosomes. Function: production of proteins occurs on the surface and inside
  20. 36. attracted to water
  21. 38. Physical Description: A jellylike substance. Function: contains dissolved nutrients and surrounds all of the organelles
  22. 39. Monomer- Amino Acids. Function- Changes the rate of chemical reactions (enzymes), Building, repairing & maintenance of organelles and cells.
  23. 41. acid Monomer- Nucleotides. Function- Store and transmit genetic information, protein synthesis
  24. 44. substances changed during a chemical reaction, found on the left side of the equation
Down
  1. 1. substances made by a chemical reaction, found on the right side of the equation
  2. 2. Process of taking liquids or large molecules into a cell
  3. 4. transport Movement of molecules without using any of the cell's energy (from an area of high concentration to low concentration)
  4. 7. Physical Description: Bean shaped with a double membrane, Have their own ribosomes and DNA. Function: Supply energy to the cell, using cellular respiration
  5. 13. Solution The solution has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than a cell (water concentration is higher outside the cell than inside)
  6. 14. Transport Moves molecules across a membrane from low concentration to high concentration
  7. 15. Releases substances out of the cell
  8. 16. Energy the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
  9. 18. Physical Description: Enclosed inside nuclear envelope, which has pores allowing molecules to pass in and out. Function: Storehouse for genetic material/DNA
  10. 23. reactants that an enzyme acts on
  11. 24. Common Name- Fats and Oils. Monomer- Fatty Acids. Function- Long term energy, Insulation, cell membranes
  12. 25. Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
  13. 28. Organism (can be single-celled or multi-celled), Has a nucleus, Has membrane bound organelles, Example: plants, animals, fungi, protists
  14. 29. one single unit
  15. 30. Common name- simple sugars. Monomer- monosaccharides. Function- short term, quick release energy
  16. 32. Solution the solution has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than a cell (water concentration is higher inside the cell than outside)
  17. 34. Theory All living things are made of cells, All cells come from preexisting cells, The cell is the basic unit of life.
  18. 37. Solution the solution has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell (Water molecules move into and out of the cell at an equal rate)
  19. 40. Physical Description: Made up of protein and RNA. Function: Uses messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize (make) proteins
  20. 42. membrane Physical Description: Composed of special lipids called phospholipids, Surrounds the cell. Function: Protects the cell and allows things (nutrients, food, molecules) in and out of the cell
  21. 43. Reaction The process of rearranging the molecular structure of a substance by breaking and forming chemical bonds