Chapter 1 - Physical Geography: Earth Environments & System

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Across
  1. 3. Arrangement of a feature as it is distributed through Earth space.
  2. 6. Constantly changing relationship among the variables of a system, which produces a balance between the amounts of energy and/or materials that enter a system and the amounts that leave.
  3. 7. Considering all aspects of a situation or system, rather than focusing solely on individual parts or elements.
  4. 11. Solid crust of Earth that forms one of the major Earth subsystems. In a more technical definition related to tectonic plate theory, the lithosphere consists of Earth’s crust and the uppermost rigid zone of the mantle, which is divided into individual plates that move independently on the plastic material of the asthenosphere.
  5. 12. Science that studies the interactions between organisms and their environment.
  6. 13. Interacting and interdependent units (e.g., oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle) that together provide an environment within which life can exist.
  7. 16. Process whereby different phenomena are linked or interconnected, and, as a result, impact one another through Earth space.
  8. 17. Specialization in the systematic study of geography that focuses on the location, distribution, and spatial interaction of human (cultural) phenomena.
  9. 19. Condition within a system that causes dramatic and often irreversible change for long periods of time to all variables in the system.
  10. 20. Areas identified by certain characteristics they contain that make them distinctive and separates them from surrounding areas.
  11. 22. State of balance between the interconnected components of an organized whole.
  12. 23. Surroundings, whether of man or of any other living organism; includes physical, social, and cultural conditions that affect the development of that organism.
  13. 24. System in which no substantial amount of energy and/or materials can cross its boundaries.
  14. 27. System in which energy and/or materials can freely cross its boundaries.
  15. 29. Sequence of changes in the elements of a system, which ultimately affects the element that was initially altered to begin the sequence.
  16. 30. Study of Earth phenomena; includes an analysis of distributional patterns and interrelationships among these phenomena.
  17. 34. Reaction to initial change in a system that counteracts the initial change and leads to dynamic equilibrium in the system.
  18. 36. Blanket of air, composed of various gases, that envelops Earth.
  19. 37. Group of interacting and interdependent units that together form an organized whole.
  20. 40. Location of an object on the basis of mathematical coordinates on an Earth grid.
  21. 42. Location of an object in respect to its position relative to some other object or feature.
  22. 43. Separate system operating within the boundaries of a larger Earth system.
Down
  1. 1. Location and extent of an area or areas where a feature exists.
  2. 2. Three-dimensional representation of all or a portion of Earth’s surface.
  3. 4. Reaction to initial change in a system that reinforces the initial change and leads to imbalance in the system.
  4. 5. The life forms, human, animal, or plant, of Earth that form one of the major Earth subsystems.
  5. 8. Image in the mind of an Earth feature or landscape as derived from personal experiences.
  6. 9. Energy and material leaving an Earth system.
  7. 10. Term used when defining geography as the science that examines phenomena as it is located, distributed, and interacting with other phenomena throughout Earth space.
  8. 14. Set of interrelated components or variables (e.g., atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere), which interact and function together to make up Earth as it is currently constituted.
  9. 15. Computer-generated representation of an area or Earth system using statistical data.
  10. 18. A useful simplification of a more complex reality that permits prediction.
  11. 21. Alteration of the physical, chemical, or biological balance of the environment that has adverse effects on the normal functioning of all life forms, including humans.
  12. 25. Conceptual model of special significance in geography because it consists of spatial information.
  13. 26. Major Earth subsystem consisting of the waters of Earth, including oceans, ice, freshwater bodies, groundwater, and water within the atmosphere and biomass.
  14. 28. Specialization in the systematic study of geography that focuses on the location, distribution, and spatial interaction of physical (environmental) phenomena.
  15. 31. Specialization in the systematic study of geography that focuses on the location, distribution, and spatial interaction of phenomena organized within arbitrary areas of Earth space designated as regions.
  16. 32. Path of change as its effects move through the variables of a system until the effects impact the variable originally experiencing change.
  17. 33. Any element, material, or organism existing in nature that may be useful to humans.
  18. 35. Community of organisms functioning together in an interdependent relationship with the environment which they occupy.
  19. 38. Energy and material entering an Earth system.
  20. 39. Representation of a portion of Earth’s surface by means of maps, photographs, graphs, or diagrams.
  21. 41. One of a set of objects and/or characteristics of objects, which are interrelated in such a way that they function together as a system.