ch 16

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Across
  1. 2. The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.
  2. 4. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a bacteriophage
  3. 5. A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5'3' direction away from the replication fork.
  4. 8. A repair system that removes and then correctly replaces a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide.
  5. 15. The sugar component of DNA nucleotides, having one fewer hydroxyl group than ribose, the sugar component of RNA nucleotides
  6. 17. The cellular process that uses specific enzymes to remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides.
  7. 18. An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer using the parental DNA strand as a template.
  8. 21. Eukaryotic chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is generally not transcribed.
  9. 23. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
Down
  1. 1. A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of one DNA fragment (such as an Okazaki fragment) to the 5' end of another DNA fragment (such as a growing DNA chain).
  2. 3. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
  3. 6. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA (for example, at a replication fork) by the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing chain. There are several different DNA polymerases; DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I play major roles in DNA replication in prokaryotes.
  4. 7. Member of the prokaryotic domain Bacteria.
  5. 9. Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides.
  6. 10. The less condensed form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription.
  7. 11. The basic, bead-like unit of DNA packing in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a protein core composed of two copies of each of four types of histone.
  8. 12. The new complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in the mandatory 5'?3' direction.
  9. 13. A short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication, many of which are joined together to make up the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA.
  10. 14. A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.
  11. 15. The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape
  12. 16. One of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea.
  13. 19. A short stretch of RNA with a free 3' end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand, that is elongated with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication.
  14. 20. A small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in chromatin structure.
  15. 21. An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available as template strands.
  16. 22. An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a few bases or hydrolyzing the DNA or RNA completely into its component nucleotides.