Ch 18 Amino Acid Oxidation and Production of Urea Crossword

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334
Across
  1. 1. The majority of the reactions of the urea cycle occur in this area of hepatocytes.
  2. 3. These type of amino acids can be converted to ketone bodies (can you name these amino acids?).
  3. 5. This cofactor is the preferred cofactor for methyl transfers in biological reactions (use abbreviation).
  4. 7. The first reaction of the Urea cycle occurs in this location of hepatocytes.
  5. 9. These type of amino acids can be converted to glucose (can you name these amino acids?).
  6. 13. This molecule is toxic to human beings and requires extra care to safely excrete it from the body.
  7. 14. This amino acid is an intermediate in the Urea cycle.
  8. 16. This aromatic amino acid can be converted to acetyl-CoA.
  9. 17. This enzyme removes the ammonia (amino) group from glutamate using either NAD+ or NADP+ once inside the mitochondrial matrix; glutamate _________.
  10. 19. This molecule serves as the carbon source for the first-nitrogen acquiring reaction of the urea cycle.
  11. 21. This amino acid can act as a temporary storage of nitrogen and can be safely transported in the bloodstream.
  12. 22. The pyridoxal phosphate cofactor of aminotransferases is covalently linked through an ______; also known as a Schiff base.
  13. 23. This type of reaction is used to remove the amino group from the amino acids to a common metabolite such as alpha-ketoglutarate.
  14. 27. This cylic amino acid can be converted to glutamate which can be converted to alpha-ketoglutarate.
  15. 28. This molecule activates the carbamoyl phosphate synthase I in the first reaction of the Urea cycle.
  16. 30. This enzyme synthesizes argininosuccinate from citrulline and aspartate; argininosuccinate _______.
  17. 31. This is the cofactor that is used by aminotransferase enzymes to facilitate enzymatic transamination reactions (use abbreviation).
  18. 33. This positively charged amino acid can be converted to acetoacetyl-CoA which can be converted to acetyl-CoA or ketone bodies for energy.
  19. 34. This polar amino acid with a primary alcohol side chain can be converted to pyruvate.
Down
  1. 2. This molecule is produced in the last reaction of the Urea cycle and is required to perform the first reaction of the Urea cycle.
  2. 4. This molecule reacts with ornithine to form citrulline in the first step of the urea cycle.
  3. 6. Inactive precursor of the enzyme that cuts proteins into peptides in the stomach.
  4. 8. This amino acid is required for the activation for N-acetylglutamate synthase.
  5. 10. This TCA cycle intermediate can be produced from asparagine and aspartate.
  6. 11. These type of amino acid must be obtained as dietary protein (can you name these amino acids?).
  7. 12. This TCA cycle intermediate is produced from the actions of argininosuccinase (argininosuccinate lyase).
  8. 15. This versatile cofactor is formed from folate to transfer 1-carbon in different oxidation states.
  9. 18. This molecule is produced to safely eliminate two equivalents of ammonia from the body.
  10. 20. This cofactor serves to transfer CO2 groups to substrates.
  11. 24. This digestive enzyme cleaves amino acids off the N-terminal end of polypeptides; _____peptidase.
  12. 25. This branched-chain amino acid can be converted to succinyl-CoA.
  13. 26. This disease state results from a defective enzyme in phenylalanine hydroxylase, use abbreviation.
  14. 29. This amino acid is involved in helping muscles continue vigorous exercise to transport pyruvate from the muscles to the liver; the glucose-______ cycle.
  15. 32. Degradation of branched-chain amino acids occurs in muscles, adipose tissue, kidneys and brain but not in this organ.