Ch 4 Latin America

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Across
  1. 3. An exchange of people, diseases, plants, and animals between the Americas (New World) and Europe/Africa (Old World), initiated by the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
  2. 8. A person of mixed European and Indian ancestry.
  3. 9. A form of tourism oriented to natural environments with the aim of conservation, education, and low environmental impact; it tends to be smaller in scale than mass tourism.
  4. 13. A large estate or landholding in Latin America.
  5. 15. The removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.
  6. 16. Assembly plants on the Mexican border built by foreign capital. Most of their products are exported to the United States.
  7. 18. An abnormally large warm current that appears off the coast of Ecuador and Peru in December.
  8. 20. Monies sent by immigrants working abroad to family members and communities in their countries of origin.
Down
  1. 1. A much-debated concept that presupposes a dual economic system consisting of formal and informal sectors.
  2. 2. The conversion of tropical forest into pasture for cattle ranching. Typically, this process involves introducing species of grasses and cattle, mostly from Africa.
  3. 4. An economic strategy in which a country adopts the U.S. dollar as its official currency.
  4. 5. A business practice that transfers portions of a company’s production and service activities to lower-cost settings, often located overseas.
  5. 6. Tropical ecosystems of the Americas that evolved in relative isolation and support diverse and unique flora and fauna.
  6. 7. A small landholding farmed by peasants or tenants who produce food for subsistence and the market.
  7. 10. A large upland area of very old exposed rocks.
  8. 11. Economic policies widely adopted in the 1990s that stress privatization, export production, and few restrictions on imports.
  9. 12. A popular but controversial strategy to redistribute land to peasant farmers.
  10. 14. The largest intermontane plateau in the Andes, which straddles Peru and Bolivia and ranges in elevation from 10,000 to 13,000 feet.
  11. 17. A Brazilian conditional cash transfer program created to reduce extreme poverty.
  12. 19. Economic and political strategies by which powerful states indirectly (and sometimes directly) extend their influence over other, weaker states.