Ch. 5

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Across
  1. 6. the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them ot pass on to the brain.
  2. 9. in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated.
  3. 10. the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.
  4. 11. in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.
  5. 15. the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
  6. 17. the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.
  7. 18. conversion of one form of energy into another.
  8. 19. the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
  9. 23. the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision.
  10. 25. retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond.
  11. 26. the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
  12. 27. the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.
  13. 30. retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions.
  14. 31. a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation.
  15. 32. a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency
  16. 33. heaing loss caused by damage to the cochleas's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness
  17. 34. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Down
  1. 1. the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next.
  2. 2. the theory that opposing retinal process enable color vision.
  3. 3. the theory that the retina contains three different colors receptors when stimulated combination can produce the perception of any color.
  4. 4. the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
  5. 5. the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.
  6. 7. a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.
  7. 8. hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.
  8. 12. the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.
  9. 13. the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
  10. 14. spot/the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there.
  11. 16. adaption/diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
  12. 20. the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage
  13. 21. the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
  14. 22. the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum.
  15. 23. the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
  16. 24. the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.
  17. 26. priming/the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.
  18. 28. a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.
  19. 29. threshold/the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time