Ch.17 Innate defences

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Across
  1. 4. move microorganisms out of the vaginal tract
  2. 6. ciliated mucosal cells of the lower respiratory tract that move inhaled particulates away from the lungs
  3. 9. the percentage of each type of white blood cell
  4. 13. a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
  5. 15. the network of vessels through which lymph drains from the tissues into the blood
  6. 17. proteins in the blood that help antibodies and t cells kill their target
  7. 19. a slightly viscous glycoprotein fluid produced by goblet cells
  8. 21. elevated body temperature
  9. 22. human body's largest organ in terms of surface area and weight and extremely important component of first line of defense. consists of the dermis (inner, thicker portion - connective tissue) and the epidermis (outer, thinner portion - many layers of tightly packed epithelial cells with keratin) in direct contact with external environment.
  10. 24. final stage of inflammation. tissue repaired when stroma (supporting connective tissue) or parenchyma (functioning part of the tissue) produces new cells
  11. 25. induce apoptosis
  12. 26. white blood cells containing granules that are readily stained by eosin.
  13. 28. focus of infection site, usually filled with pus. common ones include pustules and boils
  14. 33. ear canal secretion that keeps eardrum pliable, waterproofs the canal, kills bacteria, and makes guard hairs of ear sticky to help block foreign particles from entering auditory canal
  15. 39. chemical attraction of phagocyte to microorganism. allows phagocytes to migrate to infection sites and destroy invading bacteria.
  16. 42. fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products
  17. 43. broad spectrum antimicrobial proteins which may be one of the most important components of innate immunity.
  18. 49. passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls into tissue
  19. 50. salty fluid secreted by sweat glands
  20. 52. white blood cells that engulfs microbes by phagocytosis
  21. 53. white blood cells that phagocytizes foreign substances and help activate t cells
  22. 54. series of coordinated contractions that propel food along gastrointestinal tract
  23. 55. attachment of the phagocyte's plasma membrane to the surface of the m.o. or other foreign material. facilitated by attachment of pathogen-associated mlclr patterns (pamps) of microbes to receptors (e.g. toll-like receptors) on surface of phagocytes. binding not only initiates phagocytosis, but also induces phagocyte to release specific cytokines that recruit additional
  24. 56. small lid of cartilage covering larynx during swallowing that prevents foreign matter from entering the lower respiratory tract.
  25. 57. white blood cells that transforms into a macrophage
  26. 58. plasma membranes projections called pseudopods envelope microorganism. the pseudopods fuse to form a vesicle called a phagosome (phagocytic vesicle) containing the microorganism. membrane has enzymes that pump proteons into the phagosome, reducing ph to 4. @ this ph hydrolytic enzymes at activated
  27. 59. cells that line blood and ymphatic vessels, not closely packed, permiting defensive cells to move from blood to tissues during inflammation. unfortunate side-effect: allows microbes to move in/out of blood and lymp.
  28. 60. the pathway by which antigen-antibody complexes can activate the complement system, requires an antibody molecule to get started.
  29. 62. activated by contact between certain complement proteins and a pathogen.
  30. 64. red blood cells
  31. 65. when macrophages ingest foreign matter by phagocytosis, they release cytokines that stimulate liver to produce lectins that bind to carbohydrates, resulting in phagocytosis
  32. 66. function to transport and store iron. transferrin (blood and tissue fluids), lactoferrin (milk, saliva, mucus), ferriin (liver, spleen, red bone marrow) hemoglobin (rbcs)
  33. 67. converted to active form during inflammation. induce both local and systemic responses and include proteins (e.g. c-reactive protein mannose-binding lectin) and several specialized proteins (fibrinogen for blood clotting and kinins for vasodilation).
  34. 68. protein receptors in plasma membranes of immune system cells that attach to pathogen molecules that are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). ex. lps of g- bacteria, flagellin in flagella of motile bacteria, etc.)
Down
  1. 1. substances produced by mast cells, cause increased permeability of blood vessels and hep attach phagocytes to pathogens.
  2. 2. structures that manufactures and drains away tears from eyes
  3. 3. white blood cells that kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated
  4. 5. dilation of blood vessels, increases blood flow to damaged area and responsible for redness (erythema) and heat associated w/ inflammation.
  5. 7. a membrane pore protein made in the complement cascade
  6. 8. proteins made by the bacteria that will capture iron from the host
  7. 10. chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased permeability of capillaries.
  8. 11. 1) destroy injurious agent (remove it and by-products from body), 2) if destruction not possible, to limit effects on body by confining or walling off the injurious agent and by-products and 3) to repair or replace tissue damaged by injurious agent or by=products.
  9. 12. the various macrophages of the body, both free and fixed
  10. 13. live microbial cultures administered to exert a beneficial effect
  11. 14. a specific resistance of the body to infection; it may be natural, or resistance may develop after exposure to a disease agent.
  12. 16. enzymes that disrupt various stages of viral multiplication.
  13. 18. microbes normally present in and on the human body
  14. 20. white blood cells
  15. 21. phagocytes that roam tissues and gather at sites of infection
  16. 23. neutrophils cling to the walls of capillaries in the injured area
  17. 27. immune resistance to a specific pathogen
  18. 29. red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
  19. 30. white blood cells that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections
  20. 31. epithelial layer/underlying connective tissue lining entire gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts
  21. 32. neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
  22. 34. white blood cells that make antibodies to fight off infections
  23. 35. phagosome pinches off from plasma membrane and enters cytoplasm, w/in cytoplasm, contacts lysosomes. on contact, phagosome and lysosome membranes fuse to form phagolysosome (single larger structure). contents of phagolyssome brought in by ingestion are digested.
  24. 36. enzyme in most bodily secretions that can break down cell walls of g+ and, to lesser extent, g- bacteria
  25. 37. molecules found on cell membranes of pathogens that are recognized by cells of the innate immune system.
  26. 38. phagocytes that are residents in tissues and organs
  27. 40. white blood cells without granules in their nuclei; lymphocytes, monocytes.
  28. 41. immune resistance to general pathogens
  29. 44. lack of resistance to a disease
  30. 45. digestive juice produced by salivary glands
  31. 46. white blood cells that produces histamine.
  32. 47. substances released by damaged cells, intensify effects of histamine and kinins and help phagocytes move through capillary walls. associated with the pain related to inflammation
  33. 48. class of similar antiviral proteins produced by certain animal cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, after viral stimulation
  34. 51. first neutrophils then macrophages migrate into the inflamed area
  35. 58. pore-forming protein
  36. 60. activated fixed macrophages secrete cytokines which bring about vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels, which helps to deliver clotting elements of blood into injured area.
  37. 61. proteins that regulate intensity and duration of immune responses.
  38. 63. group of substances that cause vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels. present in blood plasma, and once activated play a role in chemotaxis by attracting phagocytic granulocytes (neutrophils, chiefly) to injured area