ch.19

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Across
  1. 3. is a historical region in northeastern France on the Rhine River plain. Bordering Germany and Switzerland, it has alternated between German and French control over the centuries and reflects a mix of those cultures.
  2. 4. or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery and
  3. 5. Watt:James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer who revolutionized industry with his improvements to the steam engine.
  4. 8. German Emperor, the Emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.
  5. 10. most important city or town of a country or region, usually its seat of government and
  6. 12. process where coke was derived from coal.
  7. 16. center.
  8. 19. capitalism:an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, such as factories and machinery, and the use of those means to produce goods for profit.
  9. 22. formally from membership of a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization.
  10. 23. something from (a specified source).
  11. 24. Fulton:Robert Fulton was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the world's first commercially successful steamboat, the North River Steamboat.
  12. 26. fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.
  13. 27. von Bismarck:Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg was a German statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany and served as its first Chancellor from 1871 to 1890.
  14. 28. Victoria:Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901.
  15. 29. belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Down
  1. 1. now part of Grand Est, is a former region in northeast France bordering Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. Much of it is rural, with the Vosges mountains and Verdun forest offering hiking and skiing.
  2. 2. is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership
  3. 6. Hungary’s capital, is bisected by the River Danube. Its 19th-century Chain Bridge connects the hilly Buda district with flat Pest.
  4. 7. Alexander II:Czar Alexander II, also known as "Alexander the Liberator," was the Emperor of Russia from 1855 to 1881. He is best known for his significant reforms, particularly the 1861 emancipation of serfs.
  5. 9. Industry:a business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person's home.
  6. 11. direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the constitution.
  7. 13. person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
  8. 14. is a maritime city in northwest England, where the River Mersey meets the Irish Sea. A key trade and migration port from the 18th to the early 20th centuries, it's also, famously, the hometown of The Beatles. Ferries cruise the waterfront, where the iconic mercantile buildings known as the "Three Graces" – Royal Liver Building, Cunard Building and Port of Liverpool Building – stand on the Pier Head.
  9. 15. based on, or serving as a hypothesis.
  10. 17. is a major city in the northwest of England with a rich industrial heritage. The Castlefield conservation area’s 18th-century canal system recalls the city’s days as a textile powerhouse, and visitors can trace this history at the interactive Museum of Science & Industry.
  11. 18. enslaved individuals around the world.
  12. 20. Movement:a motion to end debate on a specific issue and bring it to a vote.
  13. 21. gentle slope leading from the base of mountains to a region of flat land.
  14. 25. Garibaldi:Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi was an Italian general, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy.