Ch2 The Chemistry of Life

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536
Across
  1. 1. Weak forces of attraction between molecules, caused by temporary dipoles formed by shifting electron clouds.
  2. 4. A substance that stabilizes the pH of a solution by neutralizing small amounts of acid or base.
  3. 7. A mixture in which small particles are dispersed in a liquid but do not dissolve (e.g., muddy water).
  4. 10. A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
  5. 12. A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons.
  6. 14. scale A scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.
  7. 16. A combination of two or more substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined.
  8. 18. The building block (monomer) of proteins.
  9. 21. A polymer, such as DNA or RNA, that carries genetic information.
  10. 23. The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.
  11. 24. An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.
  12. 25. Organic compounds, including sugars and starches, that serve as a major energy source.
  13. 26. A substance made of only one type of atom, such as hydrogen or oxygen.
  14. 28. A polymer made of amino acids, responsible for many biological functions, including enzymes and muscle building.
  15. 30. The substance that is dissolved in a solution (e.g., salt in saltwater).
  16. 31. Organic compounds, such as fats and oils, used for long-term energy storage and cell structure.
  17. 33. A substance with a pH below 7 that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution.
  18. 34. A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
  19. 35. A weak bond between slightly positive hydrogen atoms and slightly negative atoms (like oxygen or nitrogen) in molecules.
  20. 36. A type of mixture where one substance (solute) is completely dissolved in another (solvent).
Down
  1. 2. The central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
  2. 3. The substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.
  3. 4. A substance with a pH above 7 that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution.
  4. 5. Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  5. 6. A substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
  6. 8. The attraction between molecules of different substances (e.g., water molecules sticking to glass).
  7. 9. The basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
  8. 11. A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed by it.
  9. 13. The substance that dissolves the solute in a solution (e.g., water in saltwater).
  10. 14. A substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
  11. 15. A chemical bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom, creating charged ions that attract each other.
  12. 17. A substance that undergoes a change during a chemical reaction.
  13. 19. A small molecule that can bond with others to form a polymer.
  14. 20. A process in which substances (reactants) are changed into new substances (products) by breaking and forming bonds.
  15. 22. The attraction between molecules of the same substance (e.g., water molecules sticking together).
  16. 27. A large molecule made up of repeating smaller units called monomers.
  17. 29. The building block (monomer) of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
  18. 32. A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest unit of a compound that retains its chemical properties.