Ch3

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Across
  1. 3. brief contraction of muscle fibers resulting from each action potential
  2. 4. fluid, fills entire joint capsule
  3. 6. connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber
  4. 9. protein situated at regular intervals along the actin filament that has a high affinity for calcium ions
  5. 17. fiber’s membrane
  6. 18. cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
  7. 22. transverse tubules; run perpendicular to the SR and terminate in the Z-line between two vesicles
  8. 23. specialized sensory receptors located within joints, muscles, and tendons
  9. 25. fibers, modified fibers that run parallel to the normal
  10. 28. sense, conscious appreciation of the position of body parts with respect to gravity
  11. 31. when stimuli is delivered at so high a frequency that the twitches begin to merge and eventually completely fuse
  12. 33. joints, operate as hinges, rotating about only one axis (elbow)
  13. 34. thin myofilament (~ 6 nm in diameter) consist of two strands arranged in a double helix
  14. 36. thick myofilament (~16 nm in diameter)
  15. 38. junction, the junction between a motor neuron and muscle fibers it innervates (also called motor end plate)
  16. 39. pattern of a T-tubule spaced between two SR vesicles
  17. 40. found at both ends of the sarcomere and are where actin filaments are aligned and anchored; thin, dark line
  18. 41. reticulum, intricate system of tubules running parallel to and surrounding each myofibril; terminates as vesicles in the vicinity of the Z-lines
  19. 43. dark, corresponds with alignment of myosin filaments
  20. 45. fibrous connective tissue covers skeletal muscles and is contiguous with tendons at ends of muscles
  21. 46. globular heads that protrude away from the myosin filament at regular intervals
  22. 48. hundreds to thousands dominate sarcoplasm and contain the apparatus that contracts the muscle cell (1 um in diameter, 1/100 diameter of human hair)
  23. 49. connective tissue surrounding bundles of fibers
Down
  1. 1. proprioceptors located in tendons near the myotendinous junction and are in series, that is, attached end to end, with extrafusal muscle fibers
  2. 2. stroke, energy for pulling action; comes from hydrolysis
  3. 5. potential, electrical nerve impulse
  4. 7. center of each sarcomere (center of the H-zone) where adjacent myosin filaments anchor to each other
  5. 8. allow considerable movement (elbow and knee)
  6. 10. allow virtually no movement (sutures of skull)
  7. 11. bundles of muscle fibers under the epimysium (up to 150 fibers)
  8. 12. fibers, conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles
  9. 13. process by skeletal muscle force is varied due to varying the number of motor units that are activated
  10. 14. node, intrinsic pacemaker; where rhythmic electrical impulses are normally initiated
  11. 15. protein which runs along the length of the actin filament in the groove of the double helix
  12. 16. heart muscle
  13. 19. connective tissue covering all bones)
  14. 20. joints, allow movement about all three perpendicular axes that define space (shoulder & hip)
  15. 21. unit, motor neuron + muscle fibers is innervates
  16. 24. pressure, pressure in the narrow space between the lung pleura and chest wall
  17. 26. bundle, conducts the impulse to the ventricles
  18. 27. cartilage, covers bone ends
  19. 29. iron-protein molecule carried by RBC to transport oxygen
  20. 30. spindles, proprioceptors that consist of several modified muscle fibers enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue
  21. 32. limited movement (intervertebral disks)
  22. 35. simple random motion of molecules moving in opposite directions through alveolar capillary membrane
  23. 37. the smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle, consists of myosin and actin organized longitudinally (~2.2 um in length)
  24. 42. pressure, pressure inside the alveoli when the glottis is open and no air is flowing into or out of the lungs
  25. 43. node, where impulse is delayed slightly before passing into ventricles
  26. 44. joints, allow movement about two perpendicular axes (ankle & wrist)
  27. 47. light, corresponds with area in two adjacent sarcomeres that contain only actin filaments